0001013462-22-000005 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 667,667	$ 912,672
Short-term investments	361	479
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $14,600 and $14,000, respectively	645,891	537,564
Other receivables and current assets	324,655	268,522
Total current assets	1,638,574	1,719,237
Long-term assets:
Property and equipment, net	87,914	96,503
Operating lease right-of-use assets	120,881	137,730
Goodwill	3,409,271	3,038,306
Other intangible assets, net	763,119	694,865
Other long-term assets	279,676	225,119
Deferred income taxes	24,879	28,830
Total long-term assets	4,685,740	4,221,353
Total assets	6,324,314	5,940,590
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	10,863	18,691
Accrued bonuses and commissions	163,182	112,491
Accrued income taxes	8,410	26,116
Other accrued expenses and liabilities	204,509	199,466
Deferred revenue	391,528	372,061
Total current liabilities	778,492	728,825
Long-term liabilities:
Deferred income taxes	105,548	110,321
Long-term operating lease liabilities	104,378	120,940
Long-term debt	753,576	798,118
Other long-term liabilities	98,272	84,514
Total long-term liabilities	1,061,774	1,113,893
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued or outstanding	0	0
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 95,267,307 and 95,266,320 shares issued, respectively	953	953
Additional paid-in capital	1,465,694	1,434,203
Retained earnings	4,259,220	3,804,593
Treasury stock, at cost: 8,188,331 and 8,693,809 shares, respectively	(1,185,707)	(1,124,102)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(56,112)	(17,775)
Total stockholders' equity	4,484,048	4,097,872
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 6,324,314	$ 5,940,590

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 14,600	$ 14,000
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized	2,000,000	2,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	300,000,000	300,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	95,267,307	95,266,320
Treasury stock, shares	8,188,331	8,693,809

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 1,906,715	$ 1,681,297	$ 1,515,892
Cost of sales:
Amortization	60,762	40,642	21,710
Total cost of sales	257,984	225,264	166,273
Gross profit	1,648,731	1,456,033	1,349,619
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	715,377	587,707	521,200
Research and development	404,870	355,371	298,210
Amortization	15,213	16,599	15,169
Total operating expenses	1,135,460	959,677	834,579
Operating income	513,271	496,356	515,040
Interest income	2,078	5,073	12,796
Interest expense	(12,405)	(10,988)	(3,461)
Other income (expense), net	12,410	3,484	(1,792)
Income before income tax provision	515,354	493,925	522,583
Income tax provision	60,727	60,038	71,288
Net income	$ 454,627	$ 433,887	$ 451,295
Earnings per share – basic:
Earnings per share	$ 5.22	$ 5.05	$ 5.36
Weighted average shares	87,100	85,840	84,259
Earnings per share – diluted:
Earnings per share	$ 5.16	$ 4.97	$ 5.25
Weighted average shares	88,102	87,288	85,925
Software licenses
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 945,797	$ 780,850	$ 699,630
Cost of sales:
Cost of sales	38,156	30,618	23,944
Maintenance and service
Revenue:
Total revenue	960,918	900,447	816,262
Cost of sales:
Cost of sales	$ 159,066	$ 154,004	$ 120,619

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 454,627	$ 433,887	$ 451,295
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(38,337)	47,606	(3,002)
Comprehensive income	$ 416,290	$ 481,493	$ 448,293

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

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+ Details

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 454,627	$ 433,887	$ 451,295
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	106,867	85,275	60,516
Operating lease right-of-use assets expense	22,193	20,971	18,459
Deferred income tax benefit	(34,490)	(30,932)	(14,511)
Provision for bad debts	1,006	6,438	2,928
Stock-based compensation expense	166,338	145,615	116,190
Gain on equity investment	(15,139)	0	0
Other	2,708	2,180	2,778
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(149,017)	(160,319)	(154,403)
Other receivables and current assets	(64,316)	(2,312)	(26,182)
Other long-term assets	(3,217)	(14,818)	(5,622)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and current liabilities	53,846	21,362	38,543
Accrued income taxes	(18,429)	19,713	575
Deferred revenue	26,547	5,448	17,245
Other long-term liabilities	(42)	14,802	(7,875)
Net cash provided by operating activities	549,482	547,310	499,936
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(510,805)	(572,328)	(787,196)
Capital expenditures	(23,018)	(35,370)	(44,940)
Other investing activities	(2,990)	(6,555)	(1,412)
Net cash used in investing activities	(536,813)	(614,253)	(833,548)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from long-term debt	0	375,000	500,000
Principal payments on long-term debt	(45,000)	(75,000)	0
Purchase of treasury stock	(134,679)	(161,029)	(59,116)
Restricted stock withholding taxes paid in lieu of issued shares	(97,037)	(71,019)	(42,431)
Proceeds from shares issued for stock-based compensation	31,377	29,560	34,093
Other financing activities	(513)	(915)	(3,137)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(245,852)	96,597	429,409
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents	(11,822)	10,924	(842)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(245,005)	40,578	94,955
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	912,672	872,094	777,139
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	667,667	912,672	872,094
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid	130,426	54,174	86,770
Interest paid	11,146	11,941	787
Fair value of common stock issued and unpaid consideration in connection with acquisitions	$ 0	$ 232,690	$ 307,173

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Livermore Software Technology Corporation	Analytical Graphics, Inc.	Common Stock	Common Stock Livermore Software Technology Corporation	Common Stock Analytical Graphics, Inc.	Additional Paid-In Capital	Additional Paid-In Capital Livermore Software Technology Corporation	Additional Paid-In Capital Analytical Graphics, Inc.	Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock	Treasury Stock Livermore Software Technology Corporation	Treasury Stock Analytical Graphics, Inc.	Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Income
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 2,649,547			$ 932			$ 867,462			$ 2,919,411	$ (1,075,879)			$ (62,379)
Beginning balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2018				93,236							9,602
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Acquisition activity		$ 307,173			$ 14			$ 307,159
Acquisition activity, shares					1,392
Treasury shares acquired	$ (59,116)										$ (59,116)
Treasury shares acquired, shares	330										330
Stock-based compensation activity	$ 107,482						14,318				$ 93,164
Stock-based compensation activity, shares											(1,039)
Other comprehensive (loss)/income	(3,002)													(3,002)
Net income for the year	451,295									451,295
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2019	3,453,379			$ 946			1,188,939			3,370,706	$ (1,041,831)			(65,381)
Ending balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2019				94,628							8,893
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Acquisition activity		$ 1,531	$ 218,348			$ 7		$ 1,030	$ 218,108			$ 501	$ 233
Acquisition activity, shares						638
Acquisition activity, treasury shares												(6)	(3)
Treasury shares acquired	$ (161,029)										$ (161,029)
Treasury shares acquired, shares	690										690
Stock-based compensation activity	$ 104,150						26,126				$ 78,024
Stock-based compensation activity, shares											(880)
Other comprehensive (loss)/income	47,606													47,606
Net income for the year	433,887									433,887
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2020	4,097,872			$ 953			1,434,203			3,804,593	$ (1,124,102)			(17,775)
Ending balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2020				95,266							8,694
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Acquisition activity			$ 3,888						$ 3,069				$ 819
Acquisition activity, shares						1
Acquisition activity, treasury shares													(10)
Treasury shares acquired	$ (134,679)										$ (134,679)
Treasury shares acquired, shares	347										347
Stock-based compensation activity	$ 100,677						28,422				$ 72,255
Stock-based compensation activity, shares											(843)
Other comprehensive (loss)/income	(38,337)													(38,337)
Net income for the year	454,627									454,627
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 4,484,048			$ 953			$ 1,465,694			$ 4,259,220	$ (1,185,707)			$ (56,112)
Ending balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2021				95,267							8,188

Organization	12 Months Ended
Organization	Dec. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization	Organization We develop and globally market engineering simulation software and services widely used by engineers, designers, researchers and students across a broad spectrum of industries and academia, including high-tech, aerospace and defense, automotive, energy, industrial equipment, materials and chemicals, consumer products, healthcare, and construction. As defined by the accounting guidance for segment reporting, we operate as one segment. Given the integrated approach to the multi-discipline problem-solving needs of our customers, a single sale of software may contain components from multiple product areas and include combined technologies. We also have a multi-year product and integration strategy that will result in new, combined products or changes to the historical product offerings. As a result, it is impracticable for us to provide accurate historical or current reporting among our various product lines.

Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Accounting Policies

Accounting Principles

The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Certain items in the notes to the consolidated financial statements of prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on reported net income, comprehensive income, cash flows, total assets or total liabilities and stockholders' equity.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

Income taxes: In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (ASU 2019-12), as part of its initiative to reduce complexity in the accounting standards. The amendments in ASU 2019-12 eliminated certain exceptions related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. ASU 2019-12 also clarified and simplified other aspects of the accounting for income taxes. We adopted ASU 2019-12 on January 1, 2021 with no material impact to our consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Guidance Issued and Not Yet Adopted

Business combinations: In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2021-08). ASU 2021-08 requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. Under the current guidance, such assets and liabilities are recognized by the acquirer at fair value on the acquisition date. ASU 2021-08 is effective for fiscal years, including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted, including in an interim period, for any period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. We adopted the standard effective January 1, 2022. The standard will not impact acquired contract assets or liabilities from business combinations occurring prior to the effective date of adoption, and the impact in future periods will depend on the contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in future business combinations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Estimates also affect the amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported periods. Significant estimates included in these consolidated financial statements include:

•Contract revenue

•Standalone selling prices of our products and services

•Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable

•Valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets

•Useful lives for depreciation and amortization

•Acquired deferred revenue

•Operating lease assets and liabilities

•Fair values of stock awards

•Deferred compensation

•Income taxes

•Uncertain tax positions

•Tax valuation reserves

•Contingencies and litigation

Actual results could differ from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the results of operations in the period that the changes occur.

Revenue Recognition

Our revenue is derived principally from the licensing of computer software products and from related maintenance contracts. We enter into contracts that include combinations of products, maintenance and services, which are accounted for as separate performance obligations with differing revenue recognition patterns.

Revenue from perpetual licenses is classified as software license revenue. Software license revenue is recognized up front upon delivery of the licensed product and/or the utility that enables the customer to access authorization keys, provided that an enforceable contract has been received. Typically, our perpetual licenses are sold with post-contract support (PCS), which includes unspecified technical enhancements and customer support. We allocate value in bundled perpetual and PCS arrangements based on the standalone selling prices of the perpetual license and PCS. Revenue from PCS is classified as maintenance revenue and is recognized ratably over the term of the contract, as we satisfy the PCS performance obligation.

In addition to perpetual licenses, we sell time-based lease licenses. Lease licenses are sold only as a bundled arrangement that includes the rights to a term software license and PCS. Utilizing observable inputs, we determined that 50% of the estimated standalone selling price of the lease license is attributable to the term license and 50% is attributable to the PCS. This determination considered the value relationship for our products between PCS and time-based lease licenses, the value relationship between PCS and perpetual licenses, the average economic life of our products, software renewal rates and the price of the bundled arrangement in relation to the perpetual licensing approach. Consistent with the perpetual sales, the license component is classified as software license revenue and recognized as revenue up front at the commencement of the lease upon delivery of the licensed product and/or utility that enables the customer to access authorization keys. The PCS is classified as maintenance revenue and is recognized ratably over the term of the contract, as we satisfy the PCS performance obligation.

Revenue from training, support and other services is recognized as the services are performed. For contracts in which the service consists of a single performance obligation, such as providing a training class to a customer, we recognize revenue upon completion of the performance obligation. For service contracts that are longer in duration and often include multiple performance obligations (for example, both training and consulting), we measure the progress toward completion of the obligations and recognize revenue accordingly. In measuring progress towards the completion of performance obligations, we typically utilize output-based estimates for services with contractual billing arrangements that are not based on time and materials, and estimate output based on the total tasks completed as compared to the total tasks required for each work contract. Input-based estimates are utilized for services that involve general consultations with contractual billing arrangements based on time and materials, utilizing direct labor as the input measure.

We also execute arrangements through independent channel partners in which the channel partners are authorized to market and distribute our software products to end users of our products and services in specified territories. In sales facilitated by channel partners, the channel partner is the principal to the transaction with the end-user. We recognize revenue from transactions with channel partners in a manner consistent with the direct sales described above for both perpetual and time-based licenses. Revenue from channel partner transactions is the amount remitted to us by the channel partners. This amount includes a fee for PCS that is compensation for providing technical enhancements and the second level of technical support to the end user, which is recognized over the period that PCS is to be provided.

Non-income related taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as accounts receivable and accrued expenses. The collection and payment of these amounts are reported on a net basis in the consolidated statements of income and do not impact reported revenues or expenses.

We do not offer right of return. We warrant to our customers that our software will perform substantially as specified in our current user manuals. We have not experienced significant claims related to software warranties beyond the scope of maintenance support, which we are already obligated to provide. The warranty is not sold, and cannot be purchased, separately.

The warranty does not provide any type of additional service to the customer or performance obligation for us.

Our agreements with our customers generally require us to indemnify the customer against claims that our software infringes third-party patent, copyright, trademark or other proprietary rights. Such indemnification obligations are generally limited in a variety of industry-standard respects, including our right to replace an infringing product.

Significant Judgments

Our contracts with customers typically include promises to transfer licenses and services to a customer. Judgment is required to determine if the promises are separate performance obligations, and if so, to allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation. We use the estimated standalone selling price method to allocate the transaction price for each performance obligation. The estimated standalone selling price is determined using all information reasonably available to us, including market conditions and other observable inputs. The corresponding revenues are recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied.

We apply a practical expedient to expense sales commissions as incurred when the amortization period would have been one year or less. Sales commissions associated with the initial year of multi-year contracts are expensed as incurred due to their immateriality. Sales commissions associated with multi-year contracts beyond the initial year are subject to an employee service requirement and are expensed as incurred as they are not considered incremental costs to obtain a contract.

We are required to adjust promised amounts of consideration for the effects of the time value of money if the timing of the payments provides the customer or us with a significant financing benefit. We consider various factors in assessing whether a financing component exists, including the duration of the contract, market interest rates and the timing of payments. Our contracts do not include a significant financing component requiring adjustment to the transaction price.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments such as deposits held at major banks and money market funds. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Our cash and cash equivalents balances comprise the following:


	December 31, 2021			December 31, 2020
(in thousands, except percentages)	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total
Cash accounts	$	580,047	86.9	$	571,587	62.6
Money market funds	87,620		13.1	341,085		37.4
Total	$	667,667		$	912,672

Our money market fund balances are held in various funds of two issuers.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the various classes of assets, which range from one year to forty years. Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Gains or losses from the sale or retirement of property and equipment are included in operating income.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Internally developed software costs required to be capitalized as defined by the accounting guidance are not material to our consolidated financial statements.

Business Combinations

When we consummate an acquisition, the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are recognized separately from goodwill at their acquisition date fair values. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the acquisition date fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired. While best estimates and assumptions are used to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as contingent consideration,

where applicable, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill as we obtain new information about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date. Upon the earlier of the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, any subsequent adjustments are recorded in the consolidated statements of income.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the fair value of net identifiable assets acquired. Other intangible assets consist of trade names, customer lists and acquired software and technology. Intangible assets that are not considered to have an indefinite useful life are amortized over their useful lives, which range from two years to seventeen years. Amortization expense for intangible assets was $76.0 million, $57.2 million and $36.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

We test goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually by performing a quantitative assessment of whether the fair value of each reporting unit or asset exceeds its carrying amount. We have one reporting unit. Goodwill is tested at this reporting unit level and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested at the individual asset level. This requires us to assess and make judgments regarding a variety of factors which impact the fair value of the reporting unit or asset being tested, including business plans, anticipated future cash flows, economic projections and other market data.

During the first quarter of 2021, we completed the annual impairment test for goodwill and the indefinite-lived intangible asset and determined that these assets had not been impaired as of the test date, January 1, 2021. No other events or circumstances changed during the year ended December 31, 2021 that would indicate that the fair values of our reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible asset are below their carrying amounts.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

We have a concentration of credit risk with respect to revenue and trade receivables due to the use of certain significant channel partners to market and sell our products. We perform periodic credit evaluations of our customers' financial condition and generally do not require collateral. The following table outlines concentrations of risk with respect to our revenue:


	Year Ended December 31,
(as a % of revenue)	2021		2020		2019
Revenue from channel partners	24	%	22	%	23	%

No single customer or channel partner accounted for more than 5% of our revenue in 2021, 2020 or 2019.

In addition to the concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables, our cash and cash equivalents are also exposed to concentration risk. Our cash and cash equivalent accounts are insured through various public and private bank deposit insurance programs, foreign and domestic; however, a significant portion of our funds are not insured. The following table outlines concentrations of risk with respect to our cash and cash equivalents:


	As of December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Cash and cash equivalents held domestically	$	365,390	$	582,882
Cash and cash equivalents held by foreign subsidiaries	302,277		329,790
Cash and cash equivalents held in excess of deposit insurance, foreign and domestic	652,830		887,886
Largest balance of cash and cash equivalents held with one financial institution, foreign and domestic	201,524		396,430

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Policy 2021 and 2020

On January 1, 2020, we adopted ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13). ASU 2016-13 requires us to use the current expected credit loss methodology to make judgments as to our ability to collect outstanding receivables and provide allowances for a portion of receivables over the lifetime of the receivables. Provisions are made based upon a specific review of all significant outstanding invoices from both value and delinquency perspectives. For those invoices not specifically reviewed, provisions are estimated at differing rates based upon the age of the receivable. In determining these percentages, we consider our historical loss experience, current economic trends and future conditions.

The changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:


(in thousands)	2021		2020
Beginning balance – January 1	$	14,000	$	8,700
Additions: Charges to costs and expenses	1,006		6,438
Deductions: Write-offs	(406)		(1,138)
Ending balance – December 31	$	14,600	$	14,000

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Policy 2019

Under previous guidance, we made judgments as to our ability to collect outstanding receivables and provided allowances for a portion of receivables when collection became doubtful. Provisions were made based upon a specific review of all significant outstanding invoices from both value and delinquency perspectives. For those invoices not specifically reviewed, provisions were estimated at differing rates based upon the age of the receivable and the geographic area of origin. In determining these percentages, we considered our historical collection experience and current economic trends in the customer's industry and geographic region.

We recorded provisions for bad debts of $1.0 million, $6.4 million and $2.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period of the enactment date.

We record net deferred tax assets to the extent we believe these assets will more likely than not be realized. In making such determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. In the event we determine that we will be able to realize deferred tax assets for which a valuation allowance was used to reduce their carrying value, the adjustment to the valuation allowance will be recorded as a reduction to the provision for income taxes.

Tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return are recorded when such benefits meet a more-likely-than-not threshold. Otherwise, these tax benefits are recorded when a tax position has been effectively settled, which means that the statute of limitations has expired or the appropriate taxing authority has completed its examination even though the statute of limitations remains open.

We recognize interest and penalties related to income taxes within the income tax expense line in the consolidated statements of income. Accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax liability line in the consolidated balance sheets.

Foreign Currencies

Certain of our sales and intercompany transactions are denominated in foreign currencies. These transactions are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rate on the transaction date. Assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than our functional currency or our subsidiaries' functional currencies are translated at the effective exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in other income (expense), net. We

recorded net foreign exchange losses of $1.8 million, $0.2 million and $2.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries are translated from the functional (local) currency to U.S. Dollars. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates on the balance sheet date. Results of operations are translated at average exchange rates, which approximate rates in effect when the underlying transactions occurred.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated other comprehensive loss is composed entirely of foreign currency translation adjustments.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (EPS) amounts are computed by dividing earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS amounts assume the issuance of common stock for all potentially dilutive equivalents outstanding. To the extent stock awards are anti-dilutive, they are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.

The details of basic and diluted EPS are as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2021		2020		2019
Net income	$	454,627	$	433,887	$	451,295
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic	87,100		85,840		84,259
Dilutive effect of stock plans	1,002		1,448		1,666
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted	88,102		87,288		85,925
Basic earnings per share	$	5.22	$	5.05	$	5.36
Diluted earnings per share	$	5.16	$	4.97	$	5.25
Anti-dilutive shares	23		23		14

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with share-based payment accounting guidance. The guidance requires an entity to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. The cost is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award, typically the vesting period.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We account for certain assets and liabilities at fair value in accordance with the accounting guidance applicable to fair value measurements and disclosures. The carrying values of cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, other accrued liabilities and short-term obligations are deemed to be reasonable estimates of their fair values because of their short-term nature. Our term loans are variable rate debt obligations and, therefore, the carrying amounts approximate the fair values.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table summarizes revenue:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2021			2020			2019
Revenue:
Lease licenses	$	617,643		$	500,105		$	406,043
Perpetual licenses	328,154			280,745			293,587
Software licenses	945,797			780,850			699,630
Maintenance	896,037			840,597			760,574
Service	64,881			59,850			55,688
Maintenance and service	960,918			900,447			816,262
Total revenue	$	1,906,715		$	1,681,297		$	1,515,892

Direct revenue, as a percentage of total revenue	76.3		%	77.8		%	77.1		%
Indirect revenue, as a percentage of total revenue	23.7		%	22.2		%	22.9		%

Our software licenses revenue is recognized up front, while maintenance and service revenue is generally recognized over the term of the contract.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of billings made or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from customer agreements. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of billings to customers. Payment terms vary by the type and location of customer and the products or services offered. The time between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant.

The changes in deferred revenue, inclusive of both current and long-term deferred revenue, during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:


(in thousands)	2021		2020
Beginning balance – January 1	$	388,810	$	365,274
Acquired deferred revenue	3,831		6,872
Deferral of revenue	1,937,974		1,687,907
Recognition of deferred revenue	(1,906,715)		(1,681,297)
Currency translation	(11,119)		10,054
Ending balance – December 31	$	412,781	$	388,810

Total revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2021 will be recognized as revenue as follows:


(in thousands)
Next 12 months	$	764,862
Months 13-24	253,226
Months 25-36	158,281
Thereafter	81,491
Total revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations	$	1,257,860

Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes both deferred revenue and backlog. Our backlog represents installment billings for periods beyond the current quarterly billing cycle. Revenue recognized during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 included amounts in deferred

revenue and backlog at the beginning of the period of $606.8 million, of which $372.1 million was in deferred revenue, and $569.8 million, of which $351.4 million was in deferred revenue, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130551-203045

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130556-203045

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130550-203045

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (e)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130558-203045

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130554-203045

+ Details

Acquisitions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Acquisitions

2021 Acquisitions

On October 1, 2021, we acquired 100% of the shares of Zemax, a leader in high-performance optical imaging system simulation, for a purchase price of $411.5 million, paid in cash, or $399.1 million net of cash acquired from Zemax. The acquisition expands the scope of our optical and photonics simulation portfolio by giving users comprehensive solutions that could drive innovation in healthcare, autonomy, consumer electronics and the IIoT.

Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2021 we completed several other acquisitions to expand our solution offerings and enhance our customers' experience. These acquisitions were not individually significant. The combined purchase price of these acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2021 was $110.7 million, which was paid in cash.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we incurred $6.0 million in acquisition-related expenses, recognized as selling, general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of income.

The assets and liabilities of the acquisitions have been recorded based upon management's estimates of their fair market values as of each respective date of acquisition. The following tables summarize the fair values of consideration transferred and the fair values of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed at each respective date of acquisition:

Fair Value of Consideration Transferred:


(in thousands)	Zemax		Other Acquisitions		Total
Cash	$	411,471	$	110,739	$	522,210

Recognized Amounts of Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed:


(in thousands)	Zemax		Other Acquisitions		Total
Cash	$	12,353	$	4,320	$	16,673
Accounts receivable and other tangible assets	7,069		2,978		$	10,047
Developed software and core technologies (11 year weighted-average life)	96,000		32,200		$	128,200
Customer lists (8 year weighted-average life)	10,000		2,300		$	12,300
Trade names (10 year weighted-average life)	7,000		1,000		$	8,000
Accounts payable and other liabilities	(4,757)		(2,852)		$	(7,609)
Deferred revenue	(3,085)		(746)		$	(3,831)
Net deferred tax liabilities	(24,609)		(7,509)		$	(32,118)
Total identifiable net assets	$	99,971	$	31,691	$	131,662
Goodwill	$	311,500	$	79,048	$	390,548

The goodwill, which is generally not tax-deductible, is attributed to intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, including the assembled workforce of the acquired business and the synergies expected to arise as a result of the acquisitions.

The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on preliminary calculations. The estimates and assumptions for these items are subject to change as additional information about what was known and knowable at the acquisition date is obtained during the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date).

We determined the fair value of our intangible assets using various valuation techniques, including the relief-from-royalty method and the multi-period excess earnings method. These models utilize certain unobservable inputs classified as Level 3 measurements as defined by ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. The determination of fair value requires considerable judgment and is sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions, estimates and market factors. Estimating fair value requires us to make assumptions and estimates regarding our future plans, as well as industry and economic conditions. These assumptions and estimates include, but are not limited to: selection of a valuation methodology, royalty rate, discount rate and customer attrition rate.

The weighted-average useful life, valuation method and assumptions used to determine the fair value of the intangible assets acquired with the Zemax acquisition are as follows:

Intangible Asset

Weighted-Average Useful Life

Valuation Method

Assumptions

Developed software and core technologies

11 years

Multi-period excess earnings

Discount rate: 7.5%

Trade names

10 years

Relief-from-royalty

Royalty rate: 2.0%

Discount rate: 8.0%

Customer lists

8 years

Multi-period excess earnings

Attrition rate: 10.0%

Discount rate: 7.5%

The operating results of each acquisition have been included in our consolidated financial statements since each respective date of acquisition. The effects of the business combinations were not material to our consolidated results of operations individually or in the aggregate during 2021.

2020 Acquisitions

On December 1, 2020, we acquired 100% of the shares of AGI, a premier provider of mission-simulation, modeling, testing and analysis software for aerospace, defense and intelligence applications. The acquisition expands the scope of our offerings, empowering users to solve challenges by simulating from the chip level all the way to a customer's entire mission. The purchase price was $720.1 million, inclusive of net working capital adjustments.

On April 1, 2020, we acquired 100% of the shares of Lumerical, a leading developer of photonic design and simulation tools, for a purchase price of $107.5 million, which was paid in cash. The acquisition adds best-in-class photonic products to our multiphysics portfolio, providing customers with a full set of solutions to solve their next-generation product challenges.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, we incurred $5.1 million in acquisition-related expenses, recognized as selling, general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of income.

The assets and liabilities of the acquisitions have been recorded based upon management's estimates of their fair market values as of each respective date of acquisition. The following tables summarize the fair value of consideration transferred and the fair values of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed at each respective date of acquisition:

Fair Value of Consideration Transferred:


(in thousands)	AGI		Lumerical		Total
Cash	$	495,066	$	107,545	$	602,611
Ansys common stock(1)	222,236		—		222,236
Consideration not yet paid	2,787		—		2,787
Total consideration transferred at fair value	$	720,089	$	107,545	$	827,634

(1)We issued 0.6 million shares of our common stock in an unregistered offering to the prior owners of AGI with a fair value of $217.7 million, and we issued $4.5 million from shares held in treasury.

Recognized Amounts of Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed:


(in thousands)	AGI		Lumerical		Total
Cash	$	17,663	$	11,844	$	29,507
Accounts receivable and other tangible assets	28,677		4,244		32,921
Developed software and core technologies	184,100		31,614		215,714
Customer lists	25,400		1,616		27,016
Trade names	18,200		1,756		19,956
Accounts payable and other liabilities	(23,576)		(1,148)		(24,724)
Deferred revenue	(5,467)		(1,405)		(6,872)
Net deferred tax liabilities	(52,473)		(7,452)		(59,925)
Total identifiable net assets	$	192,524	$	41,069	$	233,593
Goodwill	$	527,565	$	66,476	$	594,041

The weighted-average useful life, valuation method and assumptions used to determine the fair value of the intangible assets acquired with the AGI acquisition are as follows:

Intangible Asset

Weighted-Average Useful Life

Valuation Method

Assumptions

Developed software and core technologies

10 years

Relief-from-royalty

Royalty rate: 40.0%

Discount rate: 11.0%

Trade names

9 years

Relief-from-royalty

Royalty rate: 1.0% - 2.0%

Discount rate: 11.0%

Customer lists

15 years

Multi-period excess earnings

Attrition rate: 10.0%

Discount rate: 12.0%

The weighted-average useful life, valuation method and assumptions used to determine the fair value of the intangible assets acquired with the Lumerical acquisition are as follows:

Intangible Asset

Weighted-Average Useful Life

Valuation Method

Assumptions

Developed software and core technologies

10 years

Multi-period excess earnings

Discount rate: 16.5%

Trade names

6 years

Relief-from-royalty

Royalty rate: 2.0%

Discount rate: 16.5%

Customer lists

10 years

Multi-period excess earnings

Attrition rate: 10.0%

Discount rate: 12.5%

Other Receivables and Current Assets and Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Other Receivables and Current Assets and Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities [Abstract]

Other Receivables and Current Assets and Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities

Our other receivables and current assets, and other accrued expenses and liabilities, comprise the following balances:


	December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Receivables related to unrecognized revenue	$	200,888	$	192,154
Income taxes receivable, including overpayments and refunds	71,332		31,628
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	52,435		44,740
Total other receivables and current assets	$	324,655	$	268,522


Consumption, sales and VAT tax liabilities	$	52,630	$	45,156
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	151,879		154,310
Total other accrued expenses and liabilities	$	204,509	$	199,466

Receivables related to unrecognized revenue represent the current portion of billings made for customer contracts that have not yet been recognized as revenue.

Property and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consists of the following:


		December 31,
(in thousands)	Estimated Useful Lives	2021		2020
Equipment	1-15 years	$	127,093	$	123,139
Computer software	1-5 years	35,134		34,469
Buildings and improvements	2-40 years	38,391		38,332
Leasehold improvements	1-17 years	25,948		25,237
Furniture	1-11 years	14,773		14,902
Land		2,696		2,696
Property and equipment, gross		244,035		238,775
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(156,121)		(142,272)
Property and equipment, net		$	87,914	$	96,503

Depreciation expense related to property and equipment was $30.9 million, $28.0 million and $23.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible AssetsGoodwill represents the excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the fair value of net identifiable assets acquired. Identifiable intangible assets acquired in business combinations are recorded based on their fair values on the date of acquisition.

Intangible assets are classified as follows:


	December 31, 2021				December 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Developed software and core technologies	$	985,685	$	(422,797)	$	859,620	$	(370,338)
Customer lists	203,072		(57,175)		288,085		(136,093)
Trade names	182,554		(128,577)		175,626		(122,392)
Total	$	1,371,311	$	(608,549)	$	1,323,331	$	(628,823)
Indefinite-lived intangible asset:
Trade name	$	357			$	357

Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives of two years to seventeen years. Amortization expense for the intangible assets reflected above was $76.0 million, $57.2 million and $36.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

As of December 31, 2021, estimated future amortization expense for the intangible assets reflected above is as follows:


(in thousands)
2022	$	84,264
2023	89,105
2024	90,178
2025	88,744
2026	87,187
Thereafter	323,284
Total intangible assets subject to amortization, net	762,762
Indefinite-lived trade name	357
Other intangible assets, net	$	763,119

The changes in goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:


(in thousands)	2021		2020
Beginning balance - January 1	$	3,038,306	$	2,413,280
Acquisitions and adjustments(1)	391,534		596,054

Currency translation	(20,569)		28,972
Ending balance - December 31	$	3,409,271	$	3,038,306

(1) In accordance with the accounting for business combinations, we recorded adjustments to goodwill for the effect of changes in the provisional fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date) as we obtained new information about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date. Such adjustments are not material to our consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurement

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurement

The valuation hierarchy for disclosure of assets and liabilities reported at fair value prioritizes the inputs for such valuations into three broad levels:

•Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2: quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument; or

•Level 3: unobservable inputs based on our own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.

A financial asset's or liability's classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Our long-term debt is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because these borrowings are not actively traded and have a variable interest rate structure based upon market rates. The carrying amount of our long-term debt approximates the estimated fair value. See Note 10, “Debt”, for additional information on these borrowings.

The following tables provide the assets carried at fair value and measured on a recurring basis:


			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
(in thousands)	December 31, 2021		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	87,620	$	87,620	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments	$	361	$	—	$	361	$	—
Deferred compensation plan investments	$	1,602	$	1,602	$	—	$	—
Equity securities	$	2,500	$	2,500	$	—	$	—


			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
(in thousands)	December 31, 2020		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	341,085	$	341,085	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments	$	479	$	—	$	479	$	—
Deferred compensation plan investments	$	1,602	$	1,602	$	—	$	—

The cash equivalents in the preceding tables represent money market funds, valued at net asset value, with carrying values which approximate their fair values because of their short-term nature.

The short-term investments in the preceding tables represent deposits held by certain foreign subsidiaries. The deposits have fixed interest rates with original maturities ranging from three months to one year.

The deferred compensation plan investments in the preceding tables represent trading securities held in a rabbi trust for the benefit of non-employee directors. These securities consist of mutual funds traded in an active market with quoted prices. As a result, the plan assets are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The plan assets are recorded within other long-term assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

The equity securities represent our investment in a publicly traded company. These securities are traded in an active market with quoted prices. As a result, the securities are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The securities are recorded within other long-term assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Our right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities primarily include operating leases for office space. Our executive offices and those related to certain domestic product development, marketing, production and administration are located in a 186,000 square foot office facility in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. The term of the lease is 183 months, which began on October 1, 2014 and expires on December 31, 2029. The lease agreement includes options to renew the contract through August 2044, an option to lease additional space in January 2025 and an option to terminate the lease in December 2025. No options are included in the lease liability as renewal is not reasonably certain. In addition, we are reasonably certain we will not terminate the lease agreement. Absent the exercise of options in the lease, our remaining base rent (inclusive of property taxes and certain operating costs) is $4.5 million per annum through 2024 and $4.7 million per annum for 2025 - 2029.

The components of our global lease cost reflected in the consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 are as follows:


(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Lease liability cost	$	28,357	$	24,818	$	22,507
Variable lease cost not included in the lease liability(1)	4,085		5,067		3,754

Total lease cost	$	32,442	$	29,885	$	26,261

(1) Variable lease cost includes common area maintenance, property taxes, utilities and fluctuations in rent due to a change in an index or rate.

Other information related to operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 is as follows:


(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of the lease liability:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(28,474)	$	(22,470)	$	(20,031)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	13,586	$	48,248	$	35,191


	As of December 31,
	2021		2020
Weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases	7.2 years		7.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate of operating leases	3.0	%	2.9	%

The maturity schedule of the operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2021 is as follows:


(in thousands)
2022	$	25,856
2023	20,196
2024	18,664
2025	17,269
2026	15,175
Thereafter	44,669
Total future lease payments	141,829
Less: Present value adjustment	(14,610)
Present value of future lease payments(1)	$	127,219

(1)Includes the current portion of operating lease liabilities of $22.8 million, which is reflected in other accrued expenses and liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

There were no material leases that have been signed but not yet commenced as of December 31, 2021.

Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

In February 2019, we entered into a credit agreement for a $500.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility, which includes a $50.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit (Revolving Credit Facility), with Bank of America, N.A. as the Administrative Agent. The Revolving Credit Facility becomes payable in full on February 22, 2024 and is available for general corporate purposes, including, among others, to finance acquisitions and capital expenditures. The Revolving Credit Facility has never been utilized.

In connection with an acquisition, we amended our credit agreement (Amended Credit Agreement) on October 16, 2019. The amendment provided for a new $500.0 million unsecured term loan facility to partially finance the acquisition. The term loan was funded on November 1, 2019 and matures on November 1, 2024. Principal on the term loan will be payable on the last business day of each fiscal quarter commencing on March 31, 2022 at a rate of 1.25% per quarter, increasing to 2.50% per quarter after the next four fiscal quarters. We repaid $75.0 million of the unsecured term loan balance in January 2020 prior to the scheduled maturity dates in 2022 ($25.0 million) and 2023 ($50.0 million). In June 2021, we repaid $26.0 million of the unsecured term loan balance prior to the scheduled maturity dates in 2024.

In connection with the acquisition of AGI, we entered into a credit agreement (AGI Credit Agreement) on November 9, 2020, with Bank of America, N.A. as the Administrative Agent. The AGI Credit Agreement provided for a new $375.0 million unsecured term loan facility to finance a portion of the cash consideration for the acquisition. The term loan was funded on December 1, 2020 and matures on November 1, 2024. Principal on the term loan will be payable on the last business day of each fiscal quarter commencing on March 31, 2022 at a rate of 1.25% per quarter, increasing to 2.50% per quarter after the next four fiscal quarters. We repaid $19.0 million of the unsecured term loan balance in June 2021 prior to the scheduled maturity dates in 2022 ($18.8 million) and 2023 ($0.2 million).

Borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement and the AGI Credit Agreement (collectively, the Credit Agreements) accrue interest at the Eurodollar rate plus an applicable margin or at the base rate, at our election. For the quarter ended December 31, 2021, we elected to apply the Eurodollar rate. The base rate is the applicable margin plus the highest of (i) the federal funds rate plus 0.500%, (ii) the Bank of America prime rate and (iii) the Eurodollar rate plus 1.000%. The applicable margin for these borrowings is a percentage per annum based on the lower of (1) a pricing level determined by our then-current consolidated leverage ratio and (2) a pricing level determined by our debt ratings (if such debt ratings exist). This results in a margin ranging from 1.125% to 1.750% and 0.125% to 0.750% for the Eurodollar rate and base rate, respectively.

The weighted-average interest rates in effect for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were 1.37% and 2.09%, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the rate in effect for the Credit Agreements was 1.35%.

The Credit Agreements contain language in the event the Eurodollar rate is not available due to LIBOR changes. If this occurs, the base rate will be used for borrowings. However, we may work with the Administrative Agent to amend the Credit Agreements to replace the Eurodollar rate with (i) one or more rates based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR); or (ii) another alternative benchmark rate, subject to the lenders' approval.

The Credit Agreements contain customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. The Credit Agreements also each contain a financial covenant requiring us to maintain a consolidated leverage ratio of indebtedness to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization not exceeding 3.50 to 1.00 as of the end of any fiscal quarter (for the four-quarter period ending on such date) with an opportunity for a temporary increase in such consolidated leverage ratio to 4.00 to 1.00 upon the consummation of certain qualified acquisitions for which the aggregate consideration is at least $250.0 million.

As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the carrying values of the term loans were $753.6 million, which is net of $1.4 million of unamortized debt issuance costs, and $798.1 million, which is net of $1.9 million of unamortized debt issuance costs, respectively. We were in compliance with all covenants as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

As of December 31, 2021, scheduled maturities of total debt for each of the three succeeding fiscal years are as follows:


(in thousands)
2022	$	—
2023	37,250
2024	717,750


Total	$	755,000

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

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+ Details

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income before income tax provision included the following components:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Domestic	$	460,395	$	465,382	$	448,271
Foreign	54,959		28,543		74,312
Total	$	515,354	$	493,925	$	522,583

The provision for income taxes was composed of the following:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Current:
Federal	$	44,805	$	26,855	$	44,824
State	6,626		12,738		9,554
Foreign	43,786		51,377		31,421
Deferred:
Federal	(32,449)		(12,203)		(8,833)
State	(1,691)		(2,119)		(965)
Foreign	(350)		(16,610)		(4,713)
Total	$	60,727	$	60,038	$	71,288

The reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the consolidated effective tax rate was as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Federal statutory tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
Nondeductible expenses	2.8		0.7		0.5
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	0.6		1.6		1.5

Foreign rate differential	0.6		0.4		0.8
Valuation allowance release	—		(0.8)		(1.3)

Benefit from tax planning and entity structuring activities	(1.3)		(1.5)		—
Research and development credits	(3.1)		(3.2)		(2.2)
Foreign-derived intangible income deduction	(4.0)		(2.8)		(3.8)
Stock-based compensation	(5.4)		(3.6)		(3.1)
Other	0.6		0.4		0.2
	11.8	%	12.2	%	13.6	%

The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:


	December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	47,235	$	47,551
Uncertain tax positions	35,574		18,565
Operating lease liabilities	30,634		34,803
Stock-based compensation	25,578		24,738
Employee benefits	12,902		13,290
Research and development credits	5,393		9,847
Allowance for doubtful accounts	3,522		3,193
Other	1,960		6,856
Valuation allowance	(14,936)		(15,398)
Total deferred tax assets	147,862		143,445
Deferred tax liabilities:
Other intangible assets	(173,895)		(147,960)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(29,296)		(33,304)
Deferred revenue	(19,521)		(26,839)
Property and equipment	(5,785)		(6,052)
Accounting method change	(34)		(10,781)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(228,531)		(224,936)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(80,669)	$	(81,491)

The net decrease in the valuation allowance was primarily due to currency fluctuations on balances relating to foreign jurisdictions, partially offset by other increases in unrealizable tax assets. As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect the future realization of deferred tax assets. If management determines it is more likely than not that an asset, or a portion of an asset, will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded.

As of December 31, 2021, we had federal net operating loss carryforwards of $14.8 million, which are subject to limitations of their utilization. Losses totaling $13.4 million are not currently subject to expiration dates, while the remaining $1.4 million of losses expire between 2025 - 2037. Deferred tax assets of $2.2 million have been recorded for state operating loss carryforwards. These losses expire between 2031 - 2042, and are subject to limitations on their utilization. We had total foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $173.2 million, of which $141.3 million are not currently subject to expiration dates. The remainder, $31.9 million, expires between 2025 - 2037. We had tax credit carryforwards of $6.6 million, of which $1.1 million are subject to limitations on their utilization. Of these tax credit carryforwards, $1.0 million are not currently subject to expiration dates. The remainder, $5.6 million, expires in various years between 2023 - 2041.

In general, it is our intention to permanently reinvest all earnings in excess of previously taxed amounts. Substantially all of the pre-2018 earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries were taxed through the transition tax imposed as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and post-2018 current earnings are taxed as part of global intangible low-taxed income tax expense. These taxes increase our previously taxed earnings and allow for the repatriation of the majority of our foreign earnings without any residual U.S. federal tax. While we believe that the financial reporting bases may be greater than the tax bases of investments in foreign subsidiaries for any earnings in excess of previously taxed amounts, such amounts are considered permanently reinvested. The cumulative temporary difference related to such permanently reinvested earnings is $70.0 million, and we would anticipate the tax effect on those earnings to be immaterial.

The following is a reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Unrecognized tax benefit as of January 1	$	24,075	$	49,085	$	22,827
Gross changes—acquisitions	—		(24,963)		26,914
Gross increases—tax positions in prior period	10,183		1,572		207
Gross decreases—tax positions in prior period	(2,281)		—		(1,743)
Gross increases—tax positions in current period	13,223		1,281		3,563
Reductions due to a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations	(3,226)		(3,502)		(2,230)
Changes due to currency fluctuation	(912)		994		(453)
Settlements	(1,421)		(392)		—
Unrecognized tax benefit as of December 31	$	39,641	$	24,075	$	49,085

We believe that it is reasonably possible that $3.5 million of uncertain tax positions included in the table above may be resolved within the next twelve months as a result of settlement with a taxing authority or a lapse of the statute of limitations. If the unrecognized tax benefit as of December 31, 2021 were to be recognized, a benefit of $16.4 million would impact the effective tax rate.

We recognize interest and penalties related to income taxes as income tax expense. We recorded penalty expense of $1.8 million, $0.2 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We recorded interest income of $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 and interest expense of $0.3 million and less than $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, we accrued a liability for penalties of $7.2 million and interest of $5.2 million. As of December 31, 2020, we accrued a liability for penalties of $5.5 million and interest of $5.4 million.

We are subject to taxation in the U.S. and various states and foreign jurisdictions. In the U.S., our only major tax jurisdiction, the 2018 - 2021 tax years are open to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

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-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))
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+ Details

Pension And Profit-Sharing Plans	12 Months Ended
Pension And Profit-Sharing Plans	Dec. 31, 2021
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Pension And Profit-Sharing Plans	Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans We have a 401(k) plan for all qualifying domestic employees that permits participants to defer a portion of their pay pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. We make matching contributions on behalf of each eligible participant in an amount equal to 100% of the first 3% and an additional 25% of the next 5%, for a maximum total of 4.25% of the employee's eligible compensation. We may make discretionary matching contributions. We may also make discretionary nonelective contributions in an amount to be determined by the Board of Directors for each Plan Year, provided the employee is employed at the end of the year and has worked at least 1,000 hours. Domestic employees of acquired businesses may participate in the 401(k) plan when their benefits are transitioned. We also maintain and contribute to various defined contribution and defined benefit pension arrangements for our international employees. We meet the minimum statutory funding requirements for our foreign plans. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the total unfunded portions of the defined benefit obligations were $9.2 million and $13.5 million, respectively. Expenses related to our retirement programs were $20.0 million in 2021, $18.7 million in 2020 and $16.3 million in 2019.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for retirement benefits.

+ References

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+ Details

Non-Compete and Employment Agreements	12 Months Ended
Non-Compete and Employment Agreements	Dec. 31, 2021
Non-Compete and Employment Agreements [Abstract]
Non-Compete and Employment Agreements	Non-Compete and Employment Agreements Our employees have signed agreements under which they have agreed not to disclose trade secrets or confidential information that, where legally permitted, restrict engagement in or connection with any business that is competitive with us anywhere in the world while employed by us (and, in some cases, for specified periods thereafter in relevant geographic areas), and that any products or technology created by them during their term of employment are our property. In addition, we require all channel partners to enter into agreements not to disclose our trade secrets and other proprietary information. We have an employment agreement with our Chief Executive Officer. Under the terms of the employment agreement, in the event that the Chief Executive Officer’s employment with us is terminated by us without “Cause” or as a result of his resignation with “Good Reason,” (each as defined in the agreement) the Chief Executive Officer will be entitled to (i) receive an amount equal to two times the sum of his then effective base salary plus his target bonus, payable over 24 months in equal installments, (ii) in certain circumstances, a monthly payment would be made by us of an amount equal to the employer health insurance contribution amount that would have been paid to the Chief Executive Officer for at most 24 months following such termination and (iii) the period of time during which the Chief Executive Officer may exercise his vested stock options shall be extended to the longer of (x) three months after his date of termination or (y) seven days after the commencement of our first open trading window that occurs after the date of termination, but in no event later than the 10-year expiration date of such options. During his employment with us and for two years thereafter, following termination of employment under certain circumstances described in the contract, he will be subject to non-competition and non-solicitation obligations. If a termination under the circumstances described above occurs during the period beginning 60 days prior to the effective date of a definitive agreement that will result in a change in control and ending 18 months after the consummation (closing) of a change in control, then, in lieu of the benefits described in the foregoing paragraph, the Chief Executive Officer will be entitled to (a) the amounts described in clause (i) above, which will be paid in a lump sum in certain circumstances rather than over 24 months, (b) the acceleration and vesting of all outstanding stock-based awards held by the Chief Executive Officer, subject to any performance or metric-based requirements set forth therein which shall be separately determined as set forth in the applicable award agreement and (c) in certain circumstances, a monthly payment by us of an amount equal to the employer health insurance contribution amount that would have been paid to the Chief Executive Officer for at most 24 months following such termination. We also have employment agreements with several other employees, primarily in foreign jurisdictions. The terms of these employment agreements generally include annual compensation and non-compete clauses.

Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

On May 14, 2021, our stockholders approved the ANSYS, Inc. 2021 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (the 2021 Plan). The 2021 Plan is a long-term incentive plan pursuant to which awards may be granted to directors, officers, other employees and certain consultants of Ansys and its subsidiaries. These awards include stock option rights, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, cash incentives, performance shares, performance units and other awards. The 2021 Plan authorizes 4.4 million shares of common stock for issuance, plus 1.6 million shares that remained available for issuance under the Fifth Amended and Restated ANSYS, Inc. 1996 Stock Option and Grant Plan (the Predecessor Plan) as of the effective date of the 2021 Plan plus any shares relating to the outstanding awards under the Predecessor Plan or the 2021 Plan that are subsequently forfeited. As of the effective date of the 2021 Plan, grants were no longer made under the Predecessor Plan.

The 2021 Plan requires a minimum vesting period or performance period of one year for most award types and a maximum period for options to be exercisable as ten years from the grant date. Upon the death or disability of a participant, performance awards are vested pro-rata, subject to any performance target requirements, and all other awards become fully vested. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors may, at its sole discretion, accelerate the date or dates on which an award granted under the 2021 Plan may vest in the event of a change in control or an employee's termination of employment. A change in control will result in awards either being assumed by the acquirer or the pre-existing awards becoming immediately vested and earned at target award levels. In the event an employee is terminated without cause within 18 months after the change in control, any assumed awards will become immediately vested.

We currently issue shares related to exercised stock options or vested awards from our existing pool of treasury shares and have no specific policy to repurchase treasury shares as stock options are exercised or as awards vest. If the treasury pool is depleted, we will issue new shares.

Total stock-based compensation expense recognized for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2021		2020		2019
Cost of sales:
Maintenance and service	12,390		13,626		8,494
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	91,772		73,491		60,639
Research and development	62,176		58,498		47,057
Stock-based compensation expense before taxes	166,338		145,615		116,190
Related income tax benefits	(75,241)		(56,485)		(47,454)
Stock-based compensation expense, net of taxes	$	91,097	$	89,130	$	68,736
Net impact on earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share	$	(1.05)	$	(1.04)	$	(0.82)
Diluted earnings per share	$	(1.03)	$	(1.02)	$	(0.80)

As of December 31, 2021, total unrecognized estimated compensation expense related to awards granted prior to that date was $180.0 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.4 years. Forfeitures of awards are accounted for as they occur.

Stock Options

Prior to 2017, we granted stock option awards. The value of each stock option award was estimated on the date of grant, or date of acquisition for options issued in a business combination, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model (Black-Scholes model). The determination of the fair value of stock-based payment awards using an option pricing model was affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables included our stock volatility during the preceding six years, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, interest rate assumptions using the five-year U.S. Treasury Note yield on the date of grant or acquisition date, and expected dividends. The stock-based compensation expense for options was recorded ratably over the requisite service period.

As of December 31, 2021, there is no unrecognized estimated compensation cost related to unvested stock options.

Information regarding stock option transactions is summarized below:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
(options in thousands)	Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning of year	648	$	74.26	984	$	67.49	1,484	$	62.80
Granted	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—
Exercised	(270)	$	61.42	(336)	$	54.43	(495)	$	53.53
Forfeited	(3)	$	55.46	—	$	—	(5)	$	64.21
Outstanding, end of year	375	$	83.67	648	$	74.26	984	$	67.49
Vested and Exercisable, end of year	375	$	83.67	648	$	74.26	924	$	65.71
Nonvested	—	$	—	—	$	—	60	$	94.77


	2021		2020		2019
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)
Outstanding	3.09		2.93		3.18
Vested and Exercisable	3.09		2.93		2.95
Nonvested	0.00		0.00		6.71
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Exercised	$	82,790	$	78,269	$	72,098
Outstanding	$	118,995	$	187,679	$	186,926
Vested and Exercisable	$	118,995	$	187,679	$	177,111
Nonvested	$	—	$	—	$	9,815
Compensation Expense - Stock Options (in thousands)	$	—	$	1,030	$	1,709

Information regarding stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2021 is summarized below:


(options in thousands)	Options Outstanding & Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices	Options	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	Weighted- Average Exercise Price
$12.26 - $24.42	1	1.86	$	20.50
$67.44	146	0.86	$	67.44
$78.56 - $94.15	19	2.84	$	85.93
$95.09	209	4.67	$	95.09

There were no unvested stock options as of December 31, 2021.

Restricted Stock Units

Under the terms of the 2021 Plan, we issue various restricted stock unit awards (RSUs). The following table summarizes the types of awards and vesting conditions:


Award	Vesting Period	Vesting Condition
Restricted stock units with a service condition only	Three years	Continued employment through the vesting period. One third vests annually.
Restricted stock units with an operating performance and service condition	Three years	Operating performance metrics as defined at the beginning of each sub-performance period and subject to continued employment through the vesting period.
Restricted stock units with a market and service condition	Three years	Our performance measured by total stockholder return relative to the Nasdaq Composite Index for the performance period and subject to continued employment through the vesting period.

The fair value of RSUs with only a service condition is based on the fair market value of our stock on the date of the grant and is recognized straight-line over the vesting period.

The fair value of RSUs with operating performance metrics is based on the fair market value of our stock on the date of the grant and is recognized from the grant date through the vesting period based on management's estimates concerning the probability of operating performance metric achievement.

The fair values of RSUs with a market condition were estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model and are recognized over the vesting period. The determination of the fair values of the awards was affected by the grant date and several variables, each of which has been identified in the chart below:


	Year Ended December 31,
Assumptions used in Monte Carlo lattice pricing model	2021	2020	2019
Risk-free interest rate	0.3%	0.7%	2.5%
Expected dividend yield	—%	—%	—%
Expected volatility—Ansys stock price	36%	25%	23%
Expected volatility—Nasdaq Composite Index	26%	18%	16%
Expected term	2.8 years	2.8 years	2.8 years
Correlation factor	0.84	0.77	0.71
Weighted average fair value per share	$238.87	$245.08	$238.99

Total compensation expense for employee RSU awards recorded for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $160.2 million, $138.3 million and $109.9 million, respectively.

Information regarding all employee RSU transactions is summarized below:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
(RSUs in thousands)	RSUs	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		RSUs	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		RSUs	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested, beginning of year	1,323	$	201.98	1,618	$	165.26	1,522	$	129.96
Granted(1)	501	$	333.50	501	$	256.47	843	$	192.37
Performance adjustment - awards with market condition(2)	17	$	238.99	18	$	191.76	12	$	120.96
Performance adjustment - awards with performance condition(2)	63	$	376.48	(10)	$	279.08	62	$	176.89
Vested	(793)	$	194.50	(742)	$	158.13	(704)	$	125.84
Forfeited	(43)	$	263.13	(62)	$	193.28	(117)	$	140.43
Nonvested, end of year	1,068	$	277.71	1,323	$	201.98	1,618	$	165.26

(1) Includes all RSUs granted during the year. RSUs with operating performance conditions are issued annually and have one performance cycle or three sub-performance cycles. Performance conditions are assigned near the beginning of each performance cycle or sub-performance cycle, as applicable, and awards are reflected as grants at the target number of units at that time.

(2) RSUs with a market or performance condition are granted at target and vest based on achievement of the market or operating performance and service conditions. The actual number of RSUs issued may be more or less than the target RSUs depending on the achievement of the market or operating performance conditions.

Board of Directors

Prior to 2016, we granted deferred stock awards to non-employee Directors, which are rights to receive shares of common stock upon termination of service as a Director. Associated with these awards, we established a non-qualified 409(a) deferred compensation plan with assets held under a rabbi trust to provide Directors an opportunity to diversify their vested awards. During open trading windows and at their elective option, the Directors may convert their Ansys shares into a variety of non-Ansys-stock investment options in order to diversify a portion of their holdings, subject to meeting ownership guidelines.

Information regarding deferred stock awards to non-employee Directors is summarized below:


	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Diversified	Undiversified	Total
Deferred Awards Outstanding, beginning of year	6,998	58,681	65,679
Shares Diversified	—	—	—
Shares Issued Upon Retirement	—	(1,857)	(1,857)
Deferred Awards Outstanding, end of year	6,998	56,824	63,822


	Year Ended December 31, 2020
	Diversified	Undiversified	Total
Deferred Awards Outstanding, beginning of year	5,598	60,081	65,679
Shares Diversified	1,400	(1,400)	—

Deferred Awards Outstanding, end of year	6,998	58,681	65,679


	Year Ended December 31, 2019
	Diversified	Undiversified	Total
Deferred Awards Outstanding, beginning of year	12,250	120,449	132,699
Shares Diversified	13,348	(13,348)	—
Shares Issued Upon Retirement	(20,000)	(47,020)	(67,020)
Deferred Awards Outstanding, end of year	5,598	60,081	65,679

Information regarding RSU awards to non-employee Directors is summarized below:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
	BOD RSUs	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		BOD RSUs	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		BOD RSUs	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested, beginning of year	8,071	$	253.93	9,688	$	187.53	13,632	$	165.71
Granted	6,576	$	329.78	9,664	$	253.40	11,259	$	187.53
Vested	(8,219)	$	255.06	(10,704)	$	193.35	(14,287)	$	166.71
Forfeited	—	$	—	(577)	$	253.93	(916)	$	187.53
Nonvested, end of year	6,428	$	330.08	8,071	$	253.93	9,688	$	187.53

The RSUs to non-employee Directors vest in full upon the earlier of one year from the date of grant or the date of the next regular meeting of stockholders. If a non-employee Director retires prior to the vest date, the non-employee Director receives a pro-rata portion of the RSUs. Total compensation expense associated with the awards recorded for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $2.1 million, $2.2 million and $2.5 million, respectively.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Our 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Purchase Plan”) was adopted by the Board of Directors on April 19, 1996 and was subsequently approved by our stockholders. The stockholders approved an amendment to the Purchase Plan in May 2016 to increase the number of shares available for offerings to 1.8 million shares of which 0.1 million shares are available for future purchases as of December 31, 2021. The Purchase Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee. Offerings under the Purchase Plan commence on each February 1 and August 1, and have a duration of six months. An employee who owns or is deemed to own shares of stock representing in excess of 5% of the combined voting power of all classes of our stock may not participate in the Purchase Plan.

During each offering, an eligible employee may purchase shares under the Purchase Plan by authorizing payroll deductions of up to 10% of his or her cash compensation during the offering period. The maximum number of shares that may be purchased by any participating employee during any offering period is limited to 3,840 shares (as adjusted by the Compensation Committee from time to time). Unless the employee has previously withdrawn from the offering, his or her accumulated payroll

deductions will be used to purchase common stock on the last business day of the period at a price equal to 90% of the fair market value of the common stock on the first or last day of the offering period, whichever is lower. Under applicable tax rules, an employee may not accrue the right to purchase more than $25,000 of common stock, based on the grant-date fair value, in any calendar year in which the option is outstanding at any time. As of December 31, 2021, 1.7 million shares of common stock had been issued under the Purchase Plan. The total compensation expense recorded under the Purchase Plan during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $4.0 million, $4.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively.

Stock Repurchase Program

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Class of Stock Disclosures [Abstract]

Stock Repurchase Program

Under our stock repurchase program, we repurchased shares as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2021		2020		2019
Number of shares repurchased	347		690		330
Average price paid per share	$	388.35	$	233.48	$	179.41
Total cost	$	134,679	$	161,029	$	59,116

As of December 31, 2021, 2.5 million shares remained available for repurchase under the program.

Royalty Agreements	12 Months Ended
Royalty Agreements	Dec. 31, 2021
Royalty Agreements [Abstract]
Royalty Agreements	Royalty AgreementsWe have entered into various renewable license agreements under which we have been granted access to the licensor's technology and the right to sell the technology in our product line. Royalties are payable to developers of the software at various rates and amounts, which generally are based upon unit sales, revenue or flat fees. Royalty fees are reported in cost of software licenses and were $36.9 million, $29.6 million and $22.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Geographic Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Segments, Geographical Areas [Abstract]

Geographic Information

Revenue to external customers is attributed to individual countries based upon the location of the customer. Revenue by geographic area was as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
United States	$	867,125	$	776,716	$	637,916
Japan	193,096		183,117		162,154
Germany	158,541		160,771		158,809
South Korea	105,853		74,953		90,082


Other EMEA	359,074		307,933		279,744
Other international	223,026		177,807		187,187
Total revenue	$	1,906,715	$	1,681,297	$	1,515,892

Property and equipment by geographic area was as follows:


	December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
United States	$	62,880	$	65,633
India	6,144		7,408
Germany	4,434		5,277
France	4,217		5,749

Other EMEA	4,998		5,847
Other international	5,241		6,589
Total property and equipment, net	$	87,914	$	96,503

Unconditional Purchase Obligations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Unconditional Purchase Obligations (Excluding Capital Stock Redemptions) [Abstract]

Unconditional Purchase Obligations

We have entered into various unconditional purchase obligations which primarily include minimum royalty contracts, software licenses and support, and network services. We expended $44.9 million, $37.2 million and $24.2 million related to unconditional purchase obligations that existed as of the beginning of each year for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Future expenditures under unconditional purchase obligations in effect as of December 31, 2021 are as follows:


(in thousands)
2022	$	54,788
2023	12,858
2024	4,671
2025	1,759
2026	1,119
Total	$	75,195

Contingencies and Commitments	12 Months Ended
Contingencies and Commitments	Dec. 31, 2021
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Contingencies and Commitments	Contingencies and Commitments We are subject to various claims, investigations, and legal and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, including, but not limited to, commercial disputes, labor and employment matters, tax audits, alleged infringement of third party's intellectual property rights and other matters. In our opinion, the resolution of pending matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position. However, each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties and it is possible that an unfavorable resolution of one or more of these proceedings could materially affect our results of operations, cash flows or financial position. Our Indian subsidiary has several service tax audits pending that have resulted in formal inquiries being received on transactions through mid-2012. We could incur tax charges and related liabilities of $7.5 million. As such charges are not probable at this time, a reserve has not been recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021. The service tax issues raised in our notices and inquiries are very similar to the case, M/s Microsoft Corporation (I) (P) Ltd. Vs. Commissioner of Service Tax, New Delhi, wherein the Delhi Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal (CESTAT) issued a favorable ruling to Microsoft. The Microsoft ruling was subsequently challenged in the Supreme Court by the Indian tax authority and a decision is still pending. We can provide no assurances on the impact that the present Microsoft case's decision will have on our cases, however, an unfavorable ruling in the Microsoft case may impact our assessment of probability and result in the recording of a $7.5 million reserve. We are uncertain as to when these service tax matters will be concluded. We sell software licenses and services to our customers under contractual agreements. Such agreements generally include certain provisions indemnifying the customer against claims, by third parties, of infringement or misappropriation of their intellectual property rights arising from such customer’s usage of our products or services. To date, payments related to these indemnification provisions have been immaterial. For several reasons, including the lack of prior material indemnification claims, we cannot determine the maximum amount of potential future payments, if any, related to such indemnification provisions.

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts


(in thousands) Description	Balance at Beginning of Year		Additions: Charges to Costs and Expenses		Deductions: Write-Offs		Balance at End of Year
Year ended December 31, 2021 Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	14,000	$	1,006	$	406	$	14,600
Year ended December 31, 2020 Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	8,700	$	6,438	$	1,138	$	14,000
Year ended December 31, 2019 Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	8,000	$	2,928	$	2,228	$	8,700

Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Accounting Principles

Principles Of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

Accounting Guidance Issued And Not Yet Adopted

Accounting Guidance Issued and Not Yet Adopted

Use Of Estimates

Use of Estimates

•Contract revenue

•Standalone selling prices of our products and services

•Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable

•Valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets

•Useful lives for depreciation and amortization

•Acquired deferred revenue

•Operating lease assets and liabilities

•Fair values of stock awards

•Deferred compensation

•Income taxes

•Uncertain tax positions

•Tax valuation reserves

•Contingencies and litigation

Actual results could differ from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the results of operations in the period that the changes occur.

Revenue Recognition

The warranty does not provide any type of additional service to the customer or performance obligation for us.

Significant Judgments

Cash And Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents


	December 31, 2021			December 31, 2020
(in thousands, except percentages)	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total
Cash accounts	$	580,047	86.9	$	571,587	62.6
Money market funds	87,620		13.1	341,085		37.4
Total	$	667,667		$	912,672

Our money market fund balances are held in various funds of two issuers.

Property And Equipment

Property and Equipment

Research And Development

Research and Development

Business Combinations

Goodwill And Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Concentrations Of Credit Risk

Concentrations of Credit Risk


	Year Ended December 31,
(as a % of revenue)	2021		2020		2019
Revenue from channel partners	24	%	22	%	23	%

No single customer or channel partner accounted for more than 5% of our revenue in 2021, 2020 or 2019.


	As of December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Cash and cash equivalents held domestically	$	365,390	$	582,882
Cash and cash equivalents held by foreign subsidiaries	302,277		329,790
Cash and cash equivalents held in excess of deposit insurance, foreign and domestic	652,830		887,886
Largest balance of cash and cash equivalents held with one financial institution, foreign and domestic	201,524		396,430

Allowance For Doubtful Accounts

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Policy 2021 and 2020

The changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:


(in thousands)	2021		2020
Beginning balance – January 1	$	14,000	$	8,700
Additions: Charges to costs and expenses	1,006		6,438
Deductions: Write-offs	(406)		(1,138)
Ending balance – December 31	$	14,600	$	14,000

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Policy 2019

We recorded provisions for bad debts of $1.0 million, $6.4 million and $2.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Income Taxes

Foreign Currencies

recorded net foreign exchange losses of $1.8 million, $0.2 million and $2.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated other comprehensive loss is composed entirely of foreign currency translation adjustments.

Earnings Per Share

The details of basic and diluted EPS are as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2021		2020		2019
Net income	$	454,627	$	433,887	$	451,295
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic	87,100		85,840		84,259
Dilutive effect of stock plans	1,002		1,448		1,666
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted	88,102		87,288		85,925
Basic earnings per share	$	5.22	$	5.05	$	5.36
Diluted earnings per share	$	5.16	$	4.97	$	5.25
Anti-dilutive shares	23		23		14

Stock-Based Compensation

Fair Value Of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsWe account for certain assets and liabilities at fair value in accordance with the accounting guidance applicable to fair value measurements and disclosures. The carrying values of cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, other accrued liabilities and short-term obligations are deemed to be reasonable estimates of their fair values because of their short-term nature. Our term loans are variable rate debt obligations and, therefore, the carrying amounts approximate the fair values.

Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Summary Of Cash And Cash Equivalents

Our cash and cash equivalents balances comprise the following:


	December 31, 2021			December 31, 2020
(in thousands, except percentages)	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total
Cash accounts	$	580,047	86.9	$	571,587	62.6
Money market funds	87,620		13.1	341,085		37.4
Total	$	667,667		$	912,672

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Rollforward

The changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:


(in thousands)	2021		2020
Beginning balance – January 1	$	14,000	$	8,700
Additions: Charges to costs and expenses	1,006		6,438
Deductions: Write-offs	(406)		(1,138)
Ending balance – December 31	$	14,600	$	14,000

Basic And Diluted Earnings Per Share

The details of basic and diluted EPS are as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2021		2020		2019
Net income	$	454,627	$	433,887	$	451,295
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic	87,100		85,840		84,259
Dilutive effect of stock plans	1,002		1,448		1,666
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted	88,102		87,288		85,925
Basic earnings per share	$	5.22	$	5.05	$	5.36
Diluted earnings per share	$	5.16	$	4.97	$	5.25
Anti-dilutive shares	23		23		14

Customer Concentration Risk

Schedule Of Risk Concentration

The following table outlines concentrations of risk with respect to our revenue:


	Year Ended December 31,
(as a % of revenue)	2021		2020		2019
Revenue from channel partners	24	%	22	%	23	%

Credit Concentration Risk

Schedule Of Risk Concentration

The following table outlines concentrations of risk with respect to our cash and cash equivalents:


	As of December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Cash and cash equivalents held domestically	$	365,390	$	582,882
Cash and cash equivalents held by foreign subsidiaries	302,277		329,790
Cash and cash equivalents held in excess of deposit insurance, foreign and domestic	652,830		887,886
Largest balance of cash and cash equivalents held with one financial institution, foreign and domestic	201,524		396,430

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table summarizes revenue:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2021			2020			2019
Revenue:
Lease licenses	$	617,643		$	500,105		$	406,043
Perpetual licenses	328,154			280,745			293,587
Software licenses	945,797			780,850			699,630
Maintenance	896,037			840,597			760,574
Service	64,881			59,850			55,688
Maintenance and service	960,918			900,447			816,262
Total revenue	$	1,906,715		$	1,681,297		$	1,515,892

Direct revenue, as a percentage of total revenue	76.3		%	77.8		%	77.1		%
Indirect revenue, as a percentage of total revenue	23.7		%	22.2		%	22.9		%

Changes in Deferred Revenue

The changes in deferred revenue, inclusive of both current and long-term deferred revenue, during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:


(in thousands)	2021		2020
Beginning balance – January 1	$	388,810	$	365,274
Acquired deferred revenue	3,831		6,872
Deferral of revenue	1,937,974		1,687,907
Recognition of deferred revenue	(1,906,715)		(1,681,297)
Currency translation	(11,119)		10,054
Ending balance – December 31	$	412,781	$	388,810

Remaining Performance Obligations, Expected Timing of Satisfaction

Total revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2021 will be recognized as revenue as follows:


(in thousands)
Next 12 months	$	764,862
Months 13-24	253,226
Months 25-36	158,281
Thereafter	81,491
Total revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations	$	1,257,860

Acquisitions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Fair Value of Consideration Transferred

Fair Value of Consideration Transferred:


(in thousands)	Zemax		Other Acquisitions		Total
Cash	$	411,471	$	110,739	$	522,210

Fair Value of Consideration Transferred:


(in thousands)	AGI		Lumerical		Total
Cash	$	495,066	$	107,545	$	602,611
Ansys common stock(1)	222,236		—		222,236
Consideration not yet paid	2,787		—		2,787
Total consideration transferred at fair value	$	720,089	$	107,545	$	827,634

Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

Recognized Amounts of Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed:


(in thousands)	Zemax		Other Acquisitions		Total
Cash	$	12,353	$	4,320	$	16,673
Accounts receivable and other tangible assets	7,069		2,978		$	10,047
Developed software and core technologies (11 year weighted-average life)	96,000		32,200		$	128,200
Customer lists (8 year weighted-average life)	10,000		2,300		$	12,300
Trade names (10 year weighted-average life)	7,000		1,000		$	8,000
Accounts payable and other liabilities	(4,757)		(2,852)		$	(7,609)
Deferred revenue	(3,085)		(746)		$	(3,831)
Net deferred tax liabilities	(24,609)		(7,509)		$	(32,118)
Total identifiable net assets	$	99,971	$	31,691	$	131,662
Goodwill	$	311,500	$	79,048	$	390,548

Recognized Amounts of Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed:


(in thousands)	AGI		Lumerical		Total
Cash	$	17,663	$	11,844	$	29,507
Accounts receivable and other tangible assets	28,677		4,244		32,921
Developed software and core technologies	184,100		31,614		215,714
Customer lists	25,400		1,616		27,016
Trade names	18,200		1,756		19,956
Accounts payable and other liabilities	(23,576)		(1,148)		(24,724)
Deferred revenue	(5,467)		(1,405)		(6,872)
Net deferred tax liabilities	(52,473)		(7,452)		(59,925)
Total identifiable net assets	$	192,524	$	41,069	$	233,593
Goodwill	$	527,565	$	66,476	$	594,041

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired as Part of Business Combination

The weighted-average useful life, valuation method and assumptions used to determine the fair value of the intangible assets acquired with the Zemax acquisition are as follows:

Intangible Asset

Weighted-Average Useful Life

Valuation Method

Assumptions

Developed software and core technologies

11 years

Multi-period excess earnings

Discount rate: 7.5%

Trade names

10 years

Relief-from-royalty

Royalty rate: 2.0%

Discount rate: 8.0%

Customer lists

8 years

Multi-period excess earnings

Attrition rate: 10.0%

Discount rate: 7.5%

The weighted-average useful life, valuation method and assumptions used to determine the fair value of the intangible assets acquired with the AGI acquisition are as follows:

Intangible Asset

Weighted-Average Useful Life

Valuation Method

Assumptions

Developed software and core technologies

10 years

Relief-from-royalty

Royalty rate: 40.0%

Discount rate: 11.0%

Trade names

9 years

Relief-from-royalty

Royalty rate: 1.0% - 2.0%

Discount rate: 11.0%

Customer lists

15 years

Multi-period excess earnings

Attrition rate: 10.0%

Discount rate: 12.0%

The weighted-average useful life, valuation method and assumptions used to determine the fair value of the intangible assets acquired with the Lumerical acquisition are as follows:

Intangible Asset

Weighted-Average Useful Life

Valuation Method

Assumptions

Developed software and core technologies

10 years

Multi-period excess earnings

Discount rate: 16.5%

Trade names

6 years

Relief-from-royalty

Royalty rate: 2.0%

Discount rate: 16.5%

Customer lists

10 years

Multi-period excess earnings

Attrition rate: 10.0%

Discount rate: 12.5%

Other Receivables and Current Assets and Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Other Receivables and Current Assets and Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Receivables and Current Assets and Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities

Our other receivables and current assets, and other accrued expenses and liabilities, comprise the following balances:


	December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Receivables related to unrecognized revenue	$	200,888	$	192,154
Income taxes receivable, including overpayments and refunds	71,332		31,628
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	52,435		44,740
Total other receivables and current assets	$	324,655	$	268,522


Consumption, sales and VAT tax liabilities	$	52,630	$	45,156
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	151,879		154,310
Total other accrued expenses and liabilities	$	204,509	$	199,466

Property and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Components Of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consists of the following:


		December 31,
(in thousands)	Estimated Useful Lives	2021		2020
Equipment	1-15 years	$	127,093	$	123,139
Computer software	1-5 years	35,134		34,469
Buildings and improvements	2-40 years	38,391		38,332
Leasehold improvements	1-17 years	25,948		25,237
Furniture	1-11 years	14,773		14,902
Land		2,696		2,696
Property and equipment, gross		244,035		238,775
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(156,121)		(142,272)
Property and equipment, net		$	87,914	$	96,503

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets (Finite-Lived)

Intangible assets are classified as follows:


	December 31, 2021				December 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Developed software and core technologies	$	985,685	$	(422,797)	$	859,620	$	(370,338)
Customer lists	203,072		(57,175)		288,085		(136,093)
Trade names	182,554		(128,577)		175,626		(122,392)
Total	$	1,371,311	$	(608,549)	$	1,323,331	$	(628,823)
Indefinite-lived intangible asset:
Trade name	$	357			$	357

Intangible Assets (Indefinite-Lived)

Intangible assets are classified as follows:


	December 31, 2021				December 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Developed software and core technologies	$	985,685	$	(422,797)	$	859,620	$	(370,338)
Customer lists	203,072		(57,175)		288,085		(136,093)
Trade names	182,554		(128,577)		175,626		(122,392)
Total	$	1,371,311	$	(608,549)	$	1,323,331	$	(628,823)
Indefinite-lived intangible asset:
Trade name	$	357			$	357

Estimated Future Amortization Expense for Intangible Assets

As of December 31, 2021, estimated future amortization expense for the intangible assets reflected above is as follows:


(in thousands)
2022	$	84,264
2023	89,105
2024	90,178
2025	88,744
2026	87,187
Thereafter	323,284
Total intangible assets subject to amortization, net	762,762
Indefinite-lived trade name	357
Other intangible assets, net	$	763,119

Changes in Goodwill

The changes in goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:


(in thousands)	2021		2020
Beginning balance - January 1	$	3,038,306	$	2,413,280
Acquisitions and adjustments(1)	391,534		596,054

Currency translation	(20,569)		28,972
Ending balance - December 31	$	3,409,271	$	3,038,306

Fair Value Measurement (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

The following tables provide the assets carried at fair value and measured on a recurring basis:


			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
(in thousands)	December 31, 2021		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	87,620	$	87,620	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments	$	361	$	—	$	361	$	—
Deferred compensation plan investments	$	1,602	$	1,602	$	—	$	—
Equity securities	$	2,500	$	2,500	$	—	$	—


			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
(in thousands)	December 31, 2020		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	341,085	$	341,085	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments	$	479	$	—	$	479	$	—
Deferred compensation plan investments	$	1,602	$	1,602	$	—	$	—

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Lease Cost

The components of our global lease cost reflected in the consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 are as follows:


(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Lease liability cost	$	28,357	$	24,818	$	22,507
Variable lease cost not included in the lease liability(1)	4,085		5,067		3,754

Total lease cost	$	32,442	$	29,885	$	26,261

(1) Variable lease cost includes common area maintenance, property taxes, utilities and fluctuations in rent due to a change in an index or rate.

Lessee, Operating Lease Other Information

Other information related to operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 is as follows:


(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of the lease liability:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(28,474)	$	(22,470)	$	(20,031)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	13,586	$	48,248	$	35,191


	As of December 31,
	2021		2020
Weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases	7.2 years		7.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate of operating leases	3.0	%	2.9	%

Schedule of Maturity of Operating Lease Liabilities

The maturity schedule of the operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2021 is as follows:


(in thousands)
2022	$	25,856
2023	20,196
2024	18,664
2025	17,269
2026	15,175
Thereafter	44,669
Total future lease payments	141,829
Less: Present value adjustment	(14,610)
Present value of future lease payments(1)	$	127,219

(1)Includes the current portion of operating lease liabilities of $22.8 million, which is reflected in other accrued expenses and liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Debt (Table)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Maturities of Debt

As of December 31, 2021, scheduled maturities of total debt for each of the three succeeding fiscal years are as follows:


(in thousands)
2022	$	—
2023	37,250
2024	717,750


Total	$	755,000

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Components Of Income Before Income Taxes

Income before income tax provision included the following components:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Domestic	$	460,395	$	465,382	$	448,271
Foreign	54,959		28,543		74,312
Total	$	515,354	$	493,925	$	522,583

Components Of Provision For Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes was composed of the following:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Current:
Federal	$	44,805	$	26,855	$	44,824
State	6,626		12,738		9,554
Foreign	43,786		51,377		31,421
Deferred:
Federal	(32,449)		(12,203)		(8,833)
State	(1,691)		(2,119)		(965)
Foreign	(350)		(16,610)		(4,713)
Total	$	60,727	$	60,038	$	71,288

Reconciliation Of U.S. Federal Statutory Tax Rate To Consolidated Effective Tax Rate

The reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the consolidated effective tax rate was as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Federal statutory tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
Nondeductible expenses	2.8		0.7		0.5
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	0.6		1.6		1.5

Foreign rate differential	0.6		0.4		0.8
Valuation allowance release	—		(0.8)		(1.3)

Benefit from tax planning and entity structuring activities	(1.3)		(1.5)		—
Research and development credits	(3.1)		(3.2)		(2.2)
Foreign-derived intangible income deduction	(4.0)		(2.8)		(3.8)
Stock-based compensation	(5.4)		(3.6)		(3.1)
Other	0.6		0.4		0.2
	11.8	%	12.2	%	13.6	%

Components Of Deferred Tax Assets And Liabilities

The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:


	December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	47,235	$	47,551
Uncertain tax positions	35,574		18,565
Operating lease liabilities	30,634		34,803
Stock-based compensation	25,578		24,738
Employee benefits	12,902		13,290
Research and development credits	5,393		9,847
Allowance for doubtful accounts	3,522		3,193
Other	1,960		6,856
Valuation allowance	(14,936)		(15,398)
Total deferred tax assets	147,862		143,445
Deferred tax liabilities:
Other intangible assets	(173,895)		(147,960)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(29,296)		(33,304)
Deferred revenue	(19,521)		(26,839)
Property and equipment	(5,785)		(6,052)
Accounting method change	(34)		(10,781)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(228,531)		(224,936)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(80,669)	$	(81,491)

Reconciliation Of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The following is a reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Unrecognized tax benefit as of January 1	$	24,075	$	49,085	$	22,827
Gross changes—acquisitions	—		(24,963)		26,914
Gross increases—tax positions in prior period	10,183		1,572		207
Gross decreases—tax positions in prior period	(2,281)		—		(1,743)
Gross increases—tax positions in current period	13,223		1,281		3,563
Reductions due to a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations	(3,226)		(3,502)		(2,230)
Changes due to currency fluctuation	(912)		994		(453)
Settlements	(1,421)		(392)		—
Unrecognized tax benefit as of December 31	$	39,641	$	24,075	$	49,085

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Total stock-based compensation expense recognized for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2021		2020		2019
Cost of sales:
Maintenance and service	12,390		13,626		8,494
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	91,772		73,491		60,639
Research and development	62,176		58,498		47,057
Stock-based compensation expense before taxes	166,338		145,615		116,190
Related income tax benefits	(75,241)		(56,485)		(47,454)
Stock-based compensation expense, net of taxes	$	91,097	$	89,130	$	68,736
Net impact on earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share	$	(1.05)	$	(1.04)	$	(0.82)
Diluted earnings per share	$	(1.03)	$	(1.02)	$	(0.80)

Summary of Stock Options

Information regarding stock option transactions is summarized below:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
(options in thousands)	Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning of year	648	$	74.26	984	$	67.49	1,484	$	62.80
Granted	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—
Exercised	(270)	$	61.42	(336)	$	54.43	(495)	$	53.53
Forfeited	(3)	$	55.46	—	$	—	(5)	$	64.21
Outstanding, end of year	375	$	83.67	648	$	74.26	984	$	67.49
Vested and Exercisable, end of year	375	$	83.67	648	$	74.26	924	$	65.71
Nonvested	—	$	—	—	$	—	60	$	94.77


	2021		2020		2019
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)
Outstanding	3.09		2.93		3.18
Vested and Exercisable	3.09		2.93		2.95
Nonvested	0.00		0.00		6.71
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Exercised	$	82,790	$	78,269	$	72,098
Outstanding	$	118,995	$	187,679	$	186,926
Vested and Exercisable	$	118,995	$	187,679	$	177,111
Nonvested	$	—	$	—	$	9,815
Compensation Expense - Stock Options (in thousands)	$	—	$	1,030	$	1,709

Summary of Types of Awards and Vesting Conditions

The following table summarizes the types of awards and vesting conditions:


Award	Vesting Period	Vesting Condition
Restricted stock units with a service condition only	Three years	Continued employment through the vesting period. One third vests annually.
Restricted stock units with an operating performance and service condition	Three years	Operating performance metrics as defined at the beginning of each sub-performance period and subject to continued employment through the vesting period.
Restricted stock units with a market and service condition	Three years	Our performance measured by total stockholder return relative to the Nasdaq Composite Index for the performance period and subject to continued employment through the vesting period.

Summary of Restricted Stock Units

Information regarding all employee RSU transactions is summarized below:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
(RSUs in thousands)	RSUs	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		RSUs	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		RSUs	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested, beginning of year	1,323	$	201.98	1,618	$	165.26	1,522	$	129.96
Granted(1)	501	$	333.50	501	$	256.47	843	$	192.37
Performance adjustment - awards with market condition(2)	17	$	238.99	18	$	191.76	12	$	120.96
Performance adjustment - awards with performance condition(2)	63	$	376.48	(10)	$	279.08	62	$	176.89
Vested	(793)	$	194.50	(742)	$	158.13	(704)	$	125.84
Forfeited	(43)	$	263.13	(62)	$	193.28	(117)	$	140.43
Nonvested, end of year	1,068	$	277.71	1,323	$	201.98	1,618	$	165.26

Employee Stock Option

Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]

Information Regarding Stock Options Outstanding

Information regarding stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2021 is summarized below:


(options in thousands)	Options Outstanding & Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices	Options	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	Weighted- Average Exercise Price
$12.26 - $24.42	1	1.86	$	20.50
$67.44	146	0.86	$	67.44
$78.56 - $94.15	19	2.84	$	85.93
$95.09	209	4.67	$	95.09

Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)

Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]

Assumptions to Estimate Fair Value of Stock Awards

The determination of the fair values of the awards was affected by the grant date and several variables, each of which has been identified in the chart below:


	Year Ended December 31,
Assumptions used in Monte Carlo lattice pricing model	2021	2020	2019
Risk-free interest rate	0.3%	0.7%	2.5%
Expected dividend yield	—%	—%	—%
Expected volatility—Ansys stock price	36%	25%	23%
Expected volatility—Nasdaq Composite Index	26%	18%	16%
Expected term	2.8 years	2.8 years	2.8 years
Correlation factor	0.84	0.77	0.71
Weighted average fair value per share	$238.87	$245.08	$238.99

Diversified Deferred Stock Award

Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]

Summary of Stock Awards To Non-Employee Directors

Information regarding deferred stock awards to non-employee Directors is summarized below:


	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Diversified	Undiversified	Total
Deferred Awards Outstanding, beginning of year	6,998	58,681	65,679
Shares Diversified	—	—	—
Shares Issued Upon Retirement	—	(1,857)	(1,857)
Deferred Awards Outstanding, end of year	6,998	56,824	63,822


	Year Ended December 31, 2020
	Diversified	Undiversified	Total
Deferred Awards Outstanding, beginning of year	5,598	60,081	65,679
Shares Diversified	1,400	(1,400)	—

Deferred Awards Outstanding, end of year	6,998	58,681	65,679


	Year Ended December 31, 2019
	Diversified	Undiversified	Total
Deferred Awards Outstanding, beginning of year	12,250	120,449	132,699
Shares Diversified	13,348	(13,348)	—
Shares Issued Upon Retirement	(20,000)	(47,020)	(67,020)
Deferred Awards Outstanding, end of year	5,598	60,081	65,679

Director Restricted Stock Units

Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]

Summary of Stock Awards To Non-Employee Directors

Information regarding RSU awards to non-employee Directors is summarized below:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
	BOD RSUs	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		BOD RSUs	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		BOD RSUs	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested, beginning of year	8,071	$	253.93	9,688	$	187.53	13,632	$	165.71
Granted	6,576	$	329.78	9,664	$	253.40	11,259	$	187.53
Vested	(8,219)	$	255.06	(10,704)	$	193.35	(14,287)	$	166.71
Forfeited	—	$	—	(577)	$	253.93	(916)	$	187.53
Nonvested, end of year	6,428	$	330.08	8,071	$	253.93	9,688	$	187.53

Stock Repurchase Program (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Class of Stock Disclosures [Abstract]

Stock Repurchase Program

Under our stock repurchase program, we repurchased shares as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2021		2020		2019
Number of shares repurchased	347		690		330
Average price paid per share	$	388.35	$	233.48	$	179.41
Total cost	$	134,679	$	161,029	$	59,116

Geographic Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Segments, Geographical Areas [Abstract]

Revenue By Geographic Area

Revenue by geographic area was as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019
United States	$	867,125	$	776,716	$	637,916
Japan	193,096		183,117		162,154
Germany	158,541		160,771		158,809
South Korea	105,853		74,953		90,082


Other EMEA	359,074		307,933		279,744
Other international	223,026		177,807		187,187
Total revenue	$	1,906,715	$	1,681,297	$	1,515,892

Property and Equipment by Geographic Area

Property and equipment by geographic area was as follows:


	December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
United States	$	62,880	$	65,633
India	6,144		7,408
Germany	4,434		5,277
France	4,217		5,749

Other EMEA	4,998		5,847
Other international	5,241		6,589
Total property and equipment, net	$	87,914	$	96,503

Unconditional Purchase Obligations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Unconditional Purchase Obligations (Excluding Capital Stock Redemptions) [Abstract]

Unconditional Purchase Obligations

Future expenditures under unconditional purchase obligations in effect as of December 31, 2021 are as follows:


(in thousands)
2022	$	54,788
2023	12,858
2024	4,671
2025	1,759
2026	1,119
Total	$	75,195

Organization - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
Organization - Additional Information (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2021 Segment
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	1

Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Lease license to license revenue	50.00%
Lease license to maintenance revenue	50.00%
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 76,000	$ 57,200	$ 36,900
Provision for bad debts	1,006	6,438	2,928
Net foreign exchange loss	$ (1,800)	$ (200)	$ (2,500)
Customer Concentration Risk
Number of channel partners with more than five percent of revenue	0	0	0
Number of customers with more than five percent of revenue	0	0	0
Minimum
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (years)	1 year
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	2 years
Maximum
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (years)	40 years
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	17 years

Accounting Policies - Summary of Cash and Cash Equivalents (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash accounts, Amount	$ 580,047	$ 571,587
Money market funds, Amount	87,620	341,085
Total	$ 667,667	$ 912,672
Cash
Percent Of Cash And Cash Equivalents	86.90%	62.60%
Money Market Funds
Percent Of Cash And Cash Equivalents	13.10%	37.40%

Accounting Policies - Schedule of Risk Concentration (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Total	$ 667,667	$ 912,672
Customer Concentration Risk \| Revenue Benchmark \| Channel Partner
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	24.00%	22.00%	23.00%
Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents held in excess of deposit insurance, foreign and domestic	$ 652,830	$ 887,886
Largest balance of cash and cash equivalents held with one financial institution, foreign and domestic	201,524	396,430
United States \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Total	365,390	582,882
Foreign \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Total	$ 302,277	$ 329,790

Accounting Policies - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance - January 1	$ 14,000	$ 8,700
Additions: Charges to costs and expenses	1,006	6,438	$ 2,928
Deductions: Write-offs	(406)	(1,138)
Ending balance - December 31	$ 14,600	$ 14,000	$ 8,700

Accounting Policies - Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Net income	$ 454,627	$ 433,887	$ 451,295
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	87,100	85,840	84,259
Dilutive effect of stock plans	1,002	1,448	1,666
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	88,102	87,288	85,925
Basic earnings per share	$ 5.22	$ 5.05	$ 5.36
Diluted earnings per share	$ 5.16	$ 4.97	$ 5.25
Anti-dilutive shares	23	23	14

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.

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- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.

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- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

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+ Details

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Amount of revenue recognized from beginning deferred revenue and backlog	$ 606.8	$ 569.8
Amount of revenue recognized from beginning deferred revenue	$ 372.1	$ 351.4

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 1,906,715	$ 1,681,297	$ 1,515,892
Lease licenses
Statement [Line Items]
Total revenue	617,643	500,105	406,043
Perpetual licenses
Statement [Line Items]
Total revenue	328,154	280,745	293,587
Software licenses
Statement [Line Items]
Total revenue	945,797	780,850	699,630
Maintenance
Statement [Line Items]
Total revenue	896,037	840,597	760,574
Service
Statement [Line Items]
Total revenue	64,881	59,850	55,688
Maintenance and service
Statement [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 960,918	$ 900,447	$ 816,262
Direct revenue, as a percentage of total revenue \| Revenue Benchmark \| Sales Channel Concentration Risk
Statement [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	76.30%	77.80%	77.10%
Indirect revenue, as a percentage of total revenue \| Revenue Benchmark \| Sales Channel Concentration Risk
Statement [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	23.70%	22.20%	22.90%

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Changes in Deferred Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Movement in Deferred Revenue [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 388,810	$ 365,274
Acquired deferred revenue	3,831	6,872
Deferral of revenue	1,937,974	1,687,907
Recognition of deferred revenue	(1,906,715)	(1,681,297)
Currency translation	(11,119)	10,054
Ending balance	$ 412,781	$ 388,810

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Remaining Performance Obligations, Expected Timing of Satisfaction (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 1,257,860
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2022-01-01
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 764,862
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-01-01
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 253,226
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 158,281
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 81,491
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period

Acquisitions - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands				12 Months Ended
	Oct. 01, 2021	Dec. 01, 2020	Apr. 01, 2020	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Cash				$ 522,210
Payments to Acquire Businesses, Net of Cash Acquired				510,805	$ 572,328	$ 787,196
Acquisition costs				6,000	$ 5,100
Zemax, LLC
Percentage of shares acquired	100.00%
Cash	$ 411,471
Payments to Acquire Businesses, Net of Cash Acquired	$ 399,100
Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions
Cash				$ 110,739
Analytical Graphics, Inc.
Percentage of shares acquired		100.00%
Cash		$ 720,100
Lumerical
Percentage of shares acquired			100.00%
Cash			$ 107,500

Acquisitions - Fair Value of Consideration Transferred 2021 (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 01, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash		$ 522,210
Zemax, LLC
Cash	$ 411,471
Other Acquisitions
Cash		$ 110,739

Acquisitions - Recognized Amounts of Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed 2021 (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 01, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash		$ 16,673	$ 29,507
Accounts receivable and other tangible assets		10,047	32,921
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(7,609)	(24,724)
Deferred revenue		(3,831)	(6,872)
Net deferred tax liabilities		(32,118)	(59,925)
Total identifiable net assets		131,662	233,593
Goodwill		390,548	594,041
Developed Software and Core Technologies
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets		$ 128,200	215,714
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life		11 years
Customer Lists
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets		$ 12,300	27,016
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life		8 years
Trade Names
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets		$ 8,000	$ 19,956
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life		10 years
Zemax, LLC
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash	$ 12,353
Accounts receivable and other tangible assets	7,069
Accounts payable and other liabilities	(4,757)
Deferred revenue	(3,085)
Net deferred tax liabilities	(24,609)
Total identifiable net assets	99,971
Goodwill	311,500
Zemax, LLC \| Developed Software and Core Technologies
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets	$ 96,000
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	11 years
Zemax, LLC \| Customer Lists
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets	$ 10,000
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	8 years
Zemax, LLC \| Trade Names
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets	$ 7,000
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	10 years
Other Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash		$ 4,320
Accounts receivable and other tangible assets		2,978
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(2,852)
Deferred revenue		(746)
Net deferred tax liabilities		(7,509)
Total identifiable net assets		31,691
Goodwill		79,048
Other Acquisitions \| Developed Software and Core Technologies
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets		32,200
Other Acquisitions \| Customer Lists
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets		2,300
Other Acquisitions \| Trade Names
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets		$ 1,000

Acquisitions - Valuation Assumptions and Weighted-Average Useful Life (Details)				12 Months Ended
	Oct. 01, 2021	Dec. 01, 2020	Apr. 01, 2020	Dec. 31, 2021
Developed Software and Core Technologies
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life				11 years
Trade Names
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life				10 years
Customer Lists
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life				8 years
Zemax, LLC \| Developed Software and Core Technologies
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	11 years
Discount Rate	7.50%
Zemax, LLC \| Trade Names
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	10 years
Royalty Rate	2.00%
Discount Rate	8.00%
Zemax, LLC \| Customer Lists
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	8 years
Discount Rate	7.50%
Attrition Rate	10.00%
Analytical Graphics, Inc. \| Developed Software and Core Technologies
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life		10 years
Royalty Rate		40.00%
Discount Rate		11.00%
Analytical Graphics, Inc. \| Trade Names
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life		9 years
Discount Rate		11.00%
Analytical Graphics, Inc. \| Customer Lists
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life		15 years
Discount Rate		12.00%
Attrition Rate		10.00%
Analytical Graphics, Inc. \| Minimum \| Trade Names
Royalty Rate		1.00%
Analytical Graphics, Inc. \| Maximum \| Trade Names
Royalty Rate		2.00%
Lumerical \| Developed Software and Core Technologies
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life			10 years
Discount Rate			16.50%
Lumerical \| Trade Names
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life			6 years
Royalty Rate			2.00%
Discount Rate			16.50%
Lumerical \| Customer Lists
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life			10 years
Discount Rate			12.50%
Attrition Rate			10.00%

Acquisitions - Fair Value of Consideration Transferred 2020 (Details) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands			12 Months Ended
	Dec. 01, 2020	Apr. 01, 2020	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash				$ 602,611
Ansys common stock				222,236
Consideration not yet paid				2,787
Total consideration transferred at fair value				827,634
Analytical Graphics, Inc.
Cash	$ 495,066
Ansys common stock	222,236
Consideration not yet paid	2,787
Total consideration transferred at fair value	$ 720,089
Stock issued to prior owners of Analytical Graphics, Inc., amount			$ 3,888	$ 218,348
Analytical Graphics, Inc. \| Common Stock
Common stock issued to prior owners of Analytical Graphics, Inc., shares	600		1	638
Stock issued to prior owners of Analytical Graphics, Inc., amount				$ 7
Analytical Graphics, Inc. \| Common Stock \| Prior AGI Owners
Stock issued to prior owners of Analytical Graphics, Inc., amount	$ 217,700
Analytical Graphics, Inc. \| Treasury Stock
Stock issued to prior owners of Analytical Graphics, Inc., amount			$ 819	$ 233
Analytical Graphics, Inc. \| Treasury Stock \| Prior AGI Owners
Stock issued to prior owners of Analytical Graphics, Inc., amount	$ 4,500
Lumerical
Cash		$ 107,545
Total consideration transferred at fair value		$ 107,545

Acquisitions - Recognized Amounts of Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed 2020 (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 01, 2020	Apr. 01, 2020
Cash	$ 16,673	$ 29,507
Accounts receivable and other tangible assets	10,047	32,921
Accounts payable and other liabilities	(7,609)	(24,724)
Deferred revenue	(3,831)	(6,872)
Net deferred tax liabilities	(32,118)	(59,925)
Total identifiable net assets	131,662	233,593
Goodwill	390,548	594,041
Developed Software and Core Technologies
Finite-lived intangible assets	128,200	215,714
Customer Lists
Finite-lived intangible assets	12,300	27,016
Trade Names
Finite-lived intangible assets	$ 8,000	$ 19,956
Analytical Graphics, Inc.
Cash			$ 17,663
Accounts receivable and other tangible assets			28,677
Accounts payable and other liabilities			(23,576)
Deferred revenue			(5,467)
Net deferred tax liabilities			(52,473)
Total identifiable net assets			192,524
Goodwill			527,565
Analytical Graphics, Inc. \| Developed Software and Core Technologies
Finite-lived intangible assets			184,100
Analytical Graphics, Inc. \| Customer Lists
Finite-lived intangible assets			25,400
Analytical Graphics, Inc. \| Trade Names
Finite-lived intangible assets			$ 18,200
Lumerical
Cash				$ 11,844
Accounts receivable and other tangible assets				4,244
Accounts payable and other liabilities				(1,148)
Deferred revenue				(1,405)
Net deferred tax liabilities				(7,452)
Total identifiable net assets				41,069
Goodwill				66,476
Lumerical \| Developed Software and Core Technologies
Finite-lived intangible assets				31,614
Lumerical \| Customer Lists
Finite-lived intangible assets				1,616
Lumerical \| Trade Names
Finite-lived intangible assets				$ 1,756

Other Receivables and Current Assets and Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Other Receivables and Current Assets and Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities [Abstract]
Receivables related to unrecognized revenue	$ 200,888	$ 192,154
Income taxes receivable, including overpayments and refunds	71,332	31,628
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	52,435	44,740
Total other receivables and current assets	324,655	268,522
Consumption, sales and VAT tax liabilities	52,630	45,156
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	151,879	154,310
Total other accrued expenses and liabilities	$ 204,509	$ 199,466

Property and Equipment - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense related to property and equipment	$ 30.9	$ 28.0	$ 23.6

Property and Equipment - Components of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 244,035	$ 238,775
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(156,121)	(142,272)
Property and equipment, net	87,914	96,503
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	127,093	123,139
Computer Software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	35,134	34,469
Buildings and Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	38,391	38,332
Leasehold Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	25,948	25,237
Furniture
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	14,773	14,902
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 2,696	$ 2,696
Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (years)	1 year
Minimum \| Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (years)	1 year
Minimum \| Computer Software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (years)	1 year
Minimum \| Buildings and Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (years)	2 years
Minimum \| Leasehold Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (years)	1 year
Minimum \| Furniture
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (years)	1 year
Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (years)	40 years
Maximum \| Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (years)	15 years
Maximum \| Computer Software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (years)	5 years
Maximum \| Buildings and Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (years)	40 years
Maximum \| Leasehold Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (years)	17 years
Maximum \| Furniture
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (years)	11 years

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 76,000	$ 57,200	$ 36,900
Minimum
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	2 years
Maximum
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	17 years

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortized intangible assets, gross carrying amount	$ 1,371,311	$ 1,323,331
Amortized intangible assets, accumulated amortization	(608,549)	(628,823)
Indefinite-lived intangible assets (excluding goodwill)	357
Trade Names
Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Indefinite-lived intangible assets (excluding goodwill)	357	357
Developed Software and Core Technologies
Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortized intangible assets, gross carrying amount	985,685	859,620
Amortized intangible assets, accumulated amortization	(422,797)	(370,338)
Customer Lists
Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortized intangible assets, gross carrying amount	203,072	288,085
Amortized intangible assets, accumulated amortization	(57,175)	(136,093)
Trade Names
Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortized intangible assets, gross carrying amount	182,554	175,626
Amortized intangible assets, accumulated amortization	$ (128,577)	$ (122,392)

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Estimated Future Amortization Expense for Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2022	$ 84,264
2023	89,105
2024	90,178
2025	88,744
2026	87,187
Thereafter	323,284
Total intangible assets subject to amortization, net	762,762
Indefinite-lived trade name	357
Other intangible assets, net	$ 763,119	$ 694,865

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Changes in Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 3,038,306	$ 2,413,280
Acquisitions and adjustments	391,534	596,054
Currency translation	(20,569)	28,972
Ending balance	$ 3,409,271	$ 3,038,306

Fair Value Measurement - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents	$ 87,620	$ 341,085
Short-term investments	361	479
Deferred compensation plan investments	1,602	1,602
Equity securities	2,500
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents	87,620	341,085
Short-term investments	0	0
Deferred compensation plan investments	1,602	1,602
Equity securities	2,500
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents	0	0
Short-term investments	361	479
Deferred compensation plan investments	0	0
Equity securities	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents	0	0
Short-term investments	0	0
Deferred compensation plan investments	0	$ 0
Equity securities	$ 0

Fair Value Measurement - Additional Information (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Minimum
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Short-term investments maturity	3 months
Maximum
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Short-term investments maturity	1 year

Leases - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) ft²
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$ 22.8
Canonsburg Office, New Company Headquarters
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Area of real estate property \| ft²	186,000
Period of leased property	183 months
Base rent through 2024	$ 4.5
Base rent 2025-2029	$ 4.7

Leases - Schedule of Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Lease liability cost	$ 28,357	$ 24,818	$ 22,507
Variable lease cost not included in the lease liability	4,085	5,067	3,754
Total lease cost	$ 32,442	$ 29,885	$ 26,261

Leases - Lessee, Operating Lease Other Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ (28,474)	$ (22,470)	$ (20,031)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 13,586	$ 48,248	$ 35,191
Weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases	7 years 2 months 12 days	7 years 3 months 18 days
Weighted-average discount rate of operating leases	3.00%	2.90%

Leases - Schedule of Maturity of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
2022	$ 25,856
2023	20,196
2024	18,664
2025	17,269
2026	15,175
Thereafter	44,669
Total future lease payments	141,829
Less: Present value adjustment	(14,610)
Present value of future lease payments	$ 127,219
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other accrued expenses and liabilities	Other accrued expenses and liabilities

Debt (Details) - USD ($)			12 Months Ended
Debt (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2021	Jan. 06, 2020	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 01, 2020	Nov. 01, 2019
Debt Disclosure [Line Items]
Term loan principal repayment rate, initial			1.25%
Term loan principal repayment rate, increased			2.50%
Weighted-average interest rate over time			1.37%	2.09%
Weighted-average interest rate at a point in time			1.35%
Consolidated leverage ratio			3.50
Consolidated leverage ratio increased			4.00
Qualified acquisition amount			$ 250,000,000
Long-term debt			753,576,000	$ 798,118,000
Unamortized debt issuance cost			1,400,000	$ 1,900,000
Livermore Software Technology Corporation
Debt Disclosure [Line Items]
Unsecured debt						$ 500,000,000
Early debt repayment	$ 26,000,000	$ 75,000,000
Early repayment of debt due in 2022		25,000,000
Early repayment of debt due in 2023		$ 50,000,000
Analytical Graphics, Inc.
Debt Disclosure [Line Items]
Unsecured debt					$ 375,000,000
Early debt repayment	19,000,000
Early repayment of debt due in 2022	18,800,000
Early repayment of debt due in 2023	$ 200,000
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Disclosure [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity			500,000,000
Outstanding borrowings under the credit agreement			0
Letter of Credit
Debt Disclosure [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity			$ 50,000,000
Base Rate
Debt Disclosure [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on federal funds rate			0.50%
Debt instrument, basis spread on Eurodollar rate			1.00%
Base Rate \| Minimum
Debt Disclosure [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate			0.125%
Base Rate \| Maximum
Debt Disclosure [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate			0.75%
Eurodollar \| Minimum
Debt Disclosure [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate			1.125%
Eurodollar \| Maximum
Debt Disclosure [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate			1.75%

Debt - Schedule of Maturities of Debt (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2022	$ 0
2023	37,250
2024	717,750
Total	$ 755,000

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets, operating loss carryforwards, state and local	$ 2,200
Tax credit carryforwards	6,600
Cumulative temporary difference, permanently reinvested earnings	70,000
Significant change in unrecognized tax benefits is reasonably possible, amount of unrecorded benefit	3,500
Unrecognized tax benefits that would impact effective tax rate	16,400
Penalty expense	1,800	$ 200	$ 500
Interest (income) expense	(200)	300	$ 100
Liability for penalties	7,200	5,500
Liability for interest	5,200	$ 5,400
Subject To Expiration
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforwards	5,600
Subject To Utilization Limitations
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforwards	1,100
Not Subject To Expiration
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforwards	1,000
Federal Domestic
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	14,800
Foreign Country
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	173,200
Operating Loss Carryforward With No Expiration Date \| Federal Domestic
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	13,400
Operating Loss Carryforward With No Expiration Date \| Foreign Country
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	141,300
Subject To Expiration \| Federal Domestic
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	1,400
Subject To Expiration \| Foreign Country
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 31,900

Income Taxes - Components of Income Before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Domestic	$ 460,395	$ 465,382	$ 448,271
Foreign	54,959	28,543	74,312
Income before income tax provision	$ 515,354	$ 493,925	$ 522,583

- Definition

Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

+ References

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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399700&loc=SL114874048-224260

+ Details

Income Taxes - Components of Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Current, Federal	$ 44,805	$ 26,855	$ 44,824
Current, State	6,626	12,738	9,554
Current, Foreign	43,786	51,377	31,421
Deferred, Federal	(32,449)	(12,203)	(8,833)
Deferred, State	(1,691)	(2,119)	(965)
Deferred, Foreign	(350)	(16,610)	(4,713)
Total	$ 60,727	$ 60,038	$ 71,288

- Definition

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

+ References + Details

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of U.S. Federal Statutory Tax Rate to Consolidated Effective Tax Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal statutory tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
Nondeductible expenses	2.80%	0.70%	0.50%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	0.60%	1.60%	1.50%
Foreign rate differential	0.60%	0.40%	0.80%
Valuation allowance release	0.00%	(0.80%)	(1.30%)
Benefit from tax planning and entity structuring activities	(1.30%)	(1.50%)	0.00%
Research and development credits	(3.10%)	(3.20%)	(2.20%)
Foreign-derived intangible income deduction	(4.00%)	(2.80%)	(3.80%)
Stock-based compensation	(5.40%)	(3.60%)	(3.10%)
Other	0.60%	0.40%	0.20%
Consolidated effective tax rate	11.80%	12.20%	13.60%

Income Taxes - Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 47,235	$ 47,551
Uncertain tax positions	35,574	18,565
Operating lease liabilities	30,634	34,803
Stock-based compensation	25,578	24,738
Employee benefits	12,902	13,290
Research and development credits	5,393	9,847
Allowance for doubtful accounts	3,522	3,193
Other	1,960	6,856
Valuation allowance	(14,936)	(15,398)
Total deferred tax assets	147,862	143,445
Other intangible assets	(173,895)	(147,960)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(29,296)	(33,304)
Deferred revenue	(19,521)	(26,839)
Property and equipment	(5,785)	(6,052)
Accounting method change	(34)	(10,781)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(228,531)	(224,936)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$ (80,669)	$ (81,491)

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Unrecognized tax benefit as of January 1	$ 24,075	$ 49,085	$ 22,827
Gross decreases-acquisitions	0	(24,963)
Gross increases-acquisitions			26,914
Gross increases-tax positions in prior period	10,183	1,572	207
Gross decreases-tax positions in prior period	(2,281)	0	(1,743)
Gross increases-tax positions in current period	13,223	1,281	3,563
Reductions due to a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations	(3,226)	(3,502)	(2,230)
Changes due to currency fluctuation	(912)		(453)
Changes due to currency fluctuation		994
Settlements	(1,421)	(392)	0
Unrecognized tax benefit as of December 31	$ 39,641	$ 24,075	$ 49,085

Pension And Profit-Sharing Plans (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Pension And Profit-Sharing Plans (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) h	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Total unfunded portion of the defined benefit obligations	$ 9.2	$ 13.5
Expenses related to retirement programs	$ 20.0	$ 18.7	$ 16.3
Four Zero One K Plan
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Maximum annual contributions per employee, percent	4.25%
Minimum working hours per employee required to be eligible for discretionary contribution \| h	1,000
First Three Percent Of Employee Pay \| Four Zero One K Plan
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of employee contribution employer matches	100.00%
Percentage of employee pay employer matches	3.00%
More Than Three Percent Up To Eight Percent Of Employee Pay \| Four Zero One K Plan
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of employee contribution employer matches	25.00%
Percentage of employee pay employer matches	5.00%

Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
2021 Plan number of shares authorized	4,400,000
Predecessor Plan shares that remained available for issuance	1,600,000
Maximum months after sale event where awards fully vest when service relationship terminated without cause	18 months
Total unrecognized estimated unvested stock awards	$ 180,000,000
Weighted-average period of recognition of unrecognized compensation cost (years)	1 year 4 months 24 days
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 166,338,000	$ 145,615,000	$ 116,190,000
Performance Shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted stock unit vesting period	3 years
Restricted Stock
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 160,200,000	138,300,000	109,900,000
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted stock unit vesting period	3 years
Director Restricted Stock Units
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 2,100,000	2,200,000	2,500,000
Market and Service Condition Stock Units
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted stock unit vesting period	3 years
Maximum
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiration period of options from the date of grant	10 years
ANSYS 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan \| Employee Stock
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Predecessor Plan shares that remained available for issuance	1,800,000
Expiration period of options from the date of grant	6 months
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 4,000,000	$ 4,100,000	$ 2,000,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant	100,000
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, maximum employee subscription rate	10.00%
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, maximum number of shares per employee	3,840
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, purchase price of common stock, percent	90.00%
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, maximum dollar amount of common stock purchasable in a calendar year	$ 25,000
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, shares issued as of date	1,700,000
ANSYS 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan \| Maximum \| Employee Stock
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, eligibility, ownership percentage	5.00%

Stock-Based Compensation - Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense before taxes	$ 166,338	$ 145,615	$ 116,190
Related income tax benefits	(75,241)	(56,485)	(47,454)
Stock-based compensation expense, net of taxes	$ 91,097	$ 89,130	$ 68,736
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ (1.05)	$ (1.04)	$ (0.82)
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ (1.03)	$ (1.02)	$ (0.80)
Maintenance and service
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense before taxes	$ 12,390	$ 13,626	$ 8,494
Selling, general and administrative
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense before taxes	91,772	73,491	60,639
Research and development
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense before taxes	$ 62,176	$ 58,498	$ 47,057

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock Options (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Roll Forward]
Outstanding, beginning of year, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 74.26	$ 67.49	$ 62.80
Granted, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	0	0	0
Exercised, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	61.42	54.43	53.53
Forfeited, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	55.46	0	64.21
Outstanding, end of year, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	83.67	74.26	67.49
Vested and Exercisable, end of year, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	83.67	74.26	65.71
Nonvested, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0	$ 94.77
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Outstanding, beginning of year, Options (in shares)	648	984	1,484
Granted, Options (in shares)	0	0	0
Exercised, Options (in shares)	(270)	(336)	(495)
Forfeited, Options (in shares)	(3)	0	(5)
Outstanding, end of year, Options (in shares)	375	648	984
Vested and Exercisable, end of year, Options (in shares)	375	648	924
Nonvested, Options (in shares)	0	0	60
Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	3 years 1 month 2 days	2 years 11 months 4 days	3 years 2 months 4 days
Vested and Exercisable, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	3 years 1 month 2 days	2 years 11 months 4 days	2 years 11 months 12 days
Nonvested, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	0 years	0 years	6 years 8 months 15 days
Exercised, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 82,790	$ 78,269	$ 72,098
Outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	118,995	187,679	186,926
Vested and Exercisable, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	118,995	187,679	177,111
Nonvested, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	0	0	9,815
Compensation Expense - Stock Options (in thousands)	$ 0	$ 1,030	$ 1,709

Stock-Based Compensation - Information Regarding Stock Options Outstanding (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 $ / shares shares
$12.26 - $24.42
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of Exercise Prices, Lower Limit (in dollars per share)	$ 12.26
Range of Exercise Prices, Upper Limit (in dollars per share)	$ 24.42
Options Outstanding, Options (in shares) \| shares	1,000
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	1 year 10 months 9 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 20.50
$67.44
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of Exercise Prices, Lower Limit (in dollars per share)	67.44
Range of Exercise Prices, Upper Limit (in dollars per share)	$ 67.44
Options Outstanding, Options (in shares) \| shares	146,000
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	10 months 9 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 67.44
$78.56 - $94.15
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of Exercise Prices, Lower Limit (in dollars per share)	78.56
Range of Exercise Prices, Upper Limit (in dollars per share)	$ 94.15
Options Outstanding, Options (in shares) \| shares	19,000
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	2 years 10 months 2 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 85.93
$95.09
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of Exercise Prices, Lower Limit (in dollars per share)	95.09
Range of Exercise Prices, Upper Limit (in dollars per share)	$ 95.09
Options Outstanding, Options (in shares) \| shares	209,000
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	4 years 8 months 1 day
Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 95.09

Stock-Based Compensation - Assumptions to Estimate Fair Value of Stock Awards (Details) - Restricted Stock Unit Compensation Expense - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	0.30%	0.70%	2.50%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Expected term (in years)	2 years 9 months 18 days	2 years 9 months 18 days	2 years 9 months 18 days
Correlation factor	0.84	0.77	0.71
Weighted average fair value per share (in dollars per share)	$ 238.87	$ 245.08	$ 238.99
Ansys Stock Price
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected volatility	36.00%	25.00%	23.00%
Nasdaq Composite Index
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected volatility	26.00%	18.00%	16.00%

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Restricted Stock Units (Details) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Nonvested, beginning of year, RSUs (in shares)	1,323	1,618	1,522
Granted, RSUs (in shares)	501	501	843
Performance adjustment, market condition, RSUs (in shares)	17	18	12
Performance adjustment, performance condition, RSUs (in shares)	63	(10)	62
Vested, RSUs (in shares)	(793)	(742)	(704)
Forfeited, RSUs (in shares)	(43)	(62)	(117)
Nonvested, end of year, RSUs (in shares)	1,068	1,323	1,618
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Nonvested, beginning of year, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, RSUs (in dollars per share)	$ 201.98	$ 165.26	$ 129.96
Granted, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, RSUs (in dollars per share)	333.50	256.47	192.37
Performance adjustment, Market Condition, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, RSUs (in dollars per share)	238.99	191.76	120.96
Performance adjustment, Performance Condition, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, RSUs (in dollars per share)	376.48	279.08	176.89
Vested, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, RSUs (in dollars per share)	194.50	158.13	125.84
Forfeited, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, RSUs (in dollars per share)	263.13	193.28	140.43
Nonvested, end of year, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, RSUs (in dollars per share)	$ 277.71	$ 201.98	$ 165.26

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Deferred Stock Awards to Non-Employee Directors (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Deferred awards outstanding, beginning of year (in shares)	65,679	65,679	132,699
Shares diversified (in shares)	0	0	0
Shares issued upon retirement (in shares)	(1,857)		(67,020)
Deferred awards outstanding, end of year (in shares)	63,822	65,679	65,679
Diversified Deferred Stock Award
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Deferred awards outstanding, beginning of year (in shares)	6,998	5,598	12,250
Shares diversified (in shares)	0	1,400	13,348
Shares issued upon retirement (in shares)	0		(20,000)
Deferred awards outstanding, end of year (in shares)	6,998	6,998	5,598
Undiversified Deferred Stock Award
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Deferred awards outstanding, beginning of year (in shares)	58,681	60,081	120,449
Shares diversified (in shares)	0	(1,400)	(13,348)
Shares issued upon retirement (in shares)	(1,857)		(47,020)
Deferred awards outstanding, end of year (in shares)	56,824	58,681	60,081

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Restricted Stock Units to Non-Employee Directors (Details) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Nonvested, beginning of year, RSUs (in shares)	1,323	1,618	1,522
Granted, RSUs (in shares)	501	501	843
Vested, RSUs (in shares)	(793)	(742)	(704)
Forfeited, RSUs (in shares)	(43)	(62)	(117)
Nonvested, end of year, RSUs (in shares)	1,068	1,323	1,618
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Nonvested, beginning of year, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, RSUs (in dollars per share)	$ 201.98	$ 165.26	$ 129.96
Granted, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, RSUs (in dollars per share)	333.50	256.47	192.37
Vested, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, RSUs (in dollars per share)	194.50	158.13	125.84
Forfeited, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, RSUs (in dollars per share)	263.13	193.28	140.43
Nonvested, end of year, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, RSUs (in dollars per share)	$ 277.71	$ 201.98	$ 165.26
Director Restricted Stock Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Nonvested, beginning of year, RSUs (in shares)	8,071	9,688	13,632
Granted, RSUs (in shares)	6,576	9,664	11,259
Vested, RSUs (in shares)	(8,219)	(10,704)	(14,287)
Forfeited, RSUs (in shares)	0	(577)	(916)
Nonvested, end of year, RSUs (in shares)	6,428	8,071	9,688
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Nonvested, beginning of year, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, RSUs (in dollars per share)	$ 253.93	$ 187.53	$ 165.71
Granted, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, RSUs (in dollars per share)	329.78	253.40	187.53
Vested, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, RSUs (in dollars per share)	255.06	193.35	166.71
Forfeited, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, RSUs (in dollars per share)	0	253.93	187.53
Nonvested, end of year, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, RSUs (in dollars per share)	$ 330.08	$ 253.93	$ 187.53

Stock Repurchase Program (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Class of Stock Disclosures [Abstract]
Number of shares repurchased	347	690	330
Average price paid per share	$ 388.35	$ 233.48	$ 179.41
Total cost	$ 134,679	$ 161,029	$ 59,116

Stock Repurchase Program - Additional Information (Details) shares in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021 shares
Class of Stock Disclosures [Abstract]
Stock repurchase program, remaining number of shares authorized to be repurchased	2.5

Royalty Agreements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Royalty Agreements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Cost of goods and services sold	$ 257,984	$ 225,264	$ 166,273
Royalty
Cost of goods and services sold	$ 36,900	$ 29,600	$ 22,400

Geographic Information - Revenue by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 1,906,715	$ 1,681,297	$ 1,515,892
United States
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	867,125	776,716	637,916
Japan
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	193,096	183,117	162,154
Germany
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	158,541	160,771	158,809
South Korea
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	105,853	74,953	90,082
Other EMEA
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	359,074	307,933	279,744
Other international
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 223,026	$ 177,807	$ 187,187

- Definition

Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
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-Subparagraph (a)
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Geographic Information - Property and Equipment by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total property and equipment, net	$ 87,914	$ 96,503
United States
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total property and equipment, net	62,880	65,633
India
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total property and equipment, net	6,144	7,408
Germany
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total property and equipment, net	4,434	5,277
France
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total property and equipment, net	4,217	5,749
Other EMEA
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total property and equipment, net	4,998	5,847
Other international
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total property and equipment, net	$ 5,241	$ 6,589

Unconditional Purchase Obligations (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Unconditional Purchase Obligations (Excluding Capital Stock Redemptions) [Abstract]
2022	$ 54,788
2023	12,858
2024	4,671
2025	1,759
2026	1,119
Total	$ 75,195

Unconditional Purchase Obligations - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Unconditional Purchase Obligations (Excluding Capital Stock Redemptions) [Abstract]
Unconditional purchase obligations, beginning of year	$ 44.9	$ 37.2	$ 24.2

Contingencies and Commitments - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
India Service Tax Audit
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Loss contingency, estimate of possible loss	$ 7.5

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Details) - Allowance for doubtful accounts rollforward - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of year	$ 14,000	$ 8,700	$ 8,000
Additions: charges to costs and expenses	1,006	6,438	2,928
Deductions: write-offs	406	1,138	2,228
Balance at end of year	$ 14,600	$ 14,000	$ 8,700